There are significant ruby formations across the world that have been commercialized. In Türkiye there are many mineralogical formation regions with gemological features of high quality. However, there is not enough information in the literature about the formation of ruby in Türkiye, and its usability as a precious stone. In contrast to previous studies, this paper was conducted to reveal the gemological properties of Doğanşehir (Malatya province) rubies and to investigate the usability of polished and cut ruby samples as gemstones. Ruby corundum formations of gemstone quality have recently been discovered in Göksun ophiolites in the Doğanşehir district of Türkiye. These ruby formations take place in greenish and grayish amphibolites in the Göksun ophiolites. The ruby crystals are observed in colors ranging from pink to red and sizes ranging between 2 × 10 mm and 30 × 50 mm. The tectonic position, geological environment, petrographic, mineralogical, geochemical, and gemological characteristics of Doğanşehir crystals indicate that they can be classified as rubies and can be likened to those gems formed in amphibolites in Tanzania. This indicates that Doğanşehir rubies have gemological and mineralogical parameters that are competitive with rubies existing in other places across the world after polishing and cutting. Examples of Doğanşehir rubies prepared by polishing and cutting show that these rubies may feature in the global market in the coming years. Doğanşehir rubies are suitable for COBACORE (community based comprehensive recovery) cutting mostly in large sizes and amounts. Thus, it is a potential gemstone source. Samples prepared by polishing and cutting indicate their suitability as gemstones.

Modern methods of raspberry protection aim at a substantial reduction of chemicals use. The investigation on potential biological control of phytophagous mites on this crop has been begun. Field studies on the occurrence, species composition, and density of populations of tetranychid mites (Tetranychidae) and phytoseiid mites (Phytoseiidae) in different areas of raspberry growing in Poland was carried out in 2000-2001. Leaf samples were collected from 71 plantations located in five of the main regions of Polish raspberry production. There were clear differences in the densities of tetranychid mite populations between regions, with raspberry spider mite Neotetranychus rubi (Trag.) being more numerous than two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch.) in most except the Skierniewice region. Among the phytoseiid mites collected from raspberry leaves, eleven species were identified. Although their occurrence and species composition varied with region, Amblyseius bryophilus Karg, Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans) and Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) were the most common; each species occurred at least in three regions. Results obtained showed good prospects for the deployment of the phytoseiids in biological control of spider mites on raspberry.