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Number of results: 21
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Abstract

This paper concerns an approach to model the ledger-stand joints of modular scaffolds. Based on the analysis of the working range of the ledger (represented by a linear relationship between load and displacement), two models of the ledger-stand joint are analysed: first – with flexibility joints and second – with rigid joints and with a transition part of lower stiffness. Parameters are selected based on displacement measurements and numerical analyses of joints, then they are verified. On the basis of performed research, it can be stated that both methods of joint modelling recommended in this paper, can be applied in engineering practices.

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Authors and Affiliations

E. Błazik-Borowa
M. Pieńko
A. Robak
A. Borowa
P. Jamińska-Gadomska
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Abstract

‘Hard’ and ‘soft’ methods in analyses of territorial structures’. This article refers to two distinct approaches to investigations of territorial structures and their changes: the ‘intuitive’ of ‘soft’ approach and a more rigid, formalized or ‘hard’ one. The examples of analyzing the regional patterns in Poland over a almost 40 year span are called to illustrate these relations between two methodological standpoints. The conclusion states that both of them are valid and useful, however their strengths can be fully exposed when both are applied in an comprehensive way, supporting each other in a difficult process of investigation multidimensional and dynamic changes of the social territorial systems.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Gorzelak
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Abstract

The paper presents estimation of positional accuracy of digital maps using statistical analysis. Investigations have been performed for four large-scale digital maps made using different methods of producing digital map data: new total station survey (object A), re-calculation of previous direct measurements (orthogonal and polar surveys) (object B), manual vectorisation of a raster orthophotomap image (object C) and graphical-and-digital processing of analogue maps (object D). Analysis has been performed for large statistical samples of sets of vectors of shift t: L of control points and their components, i.e. true errors t: x, t: r of increments of co-ordinates. In the case of a map produced by means of new survey with an electronic tacheometer, the true errors were represented by differences between co-ordinates of control points obtained from two separate set outs. In the case of other methods of data collection for digital map production true errors were represented by differences of co-ordinates acquired from an investigated map and co-ordinates calculated from new direct surveys.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Doskocz
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of a metrological analysis of the additively manufactured (AM) copies of a complex geometrical object, namely the fossil skull of Madygenerpeton pustulatum. This fossil represents the unique remains of an extinct “reptiliomorph amphibian” of high importance for palaeontological science. For this research, the surface was scanned and twelve different copies were 3D-printed using various devices, materials, and AM techniques. The same digitized model was used as a reference to compare with the surfaces obtained by Mitutoyo Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) CRYSTA-Apex S 9166 for each copy. The fidelity of the copies was assessed through statistical analysis of the distances between compared surfaces. The methodology provided a good background for the choice of the most accurate copies and the elimination of the less accurate ones. The proposed approach can be applied to any object of complex geometry when reproduction accuracy is to be assessed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Rucki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yaroslav Garashchenko
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ilja Kogan
3 4
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Ryba
5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Poland
  2. Department of Integrated Technologic Process and Manufacturing, National Technical University “Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute”, Ukraine
  3. Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz, Germany
  4. Geological Institute, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany
  5. Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute for Sustainable Technologies, Radom, Poland
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Abstract

Time series analysis ofmonthly and daily SO2 data were considered for the detection of trends in SO2 due to possible effect of the emission abatement strategy in the Black Triangle region. Using a time series model, the main components were extracted from the original SO2 time series. Based on SO2 monitoring data from Czerniawa in Izery Mountains in Poland over the period 1993 -1998, our findings showed evidence of declining trends in SO2• A mean annual change of 14.1% was recorded in a 6-year record. It has also appeared that the exponential smoothing which considers a seasonal component and trends provided a reasonable fit to monthly mean SO2 values.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Zwoździak
Artur Gzella
Anna Zwoździak
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Abstract

The authors focus their attention on the analysis of the probability density function of the equivalent noise level, in the context of a determination of the uncertainty of the obtained results in regard to the control of environmental acoustic hazards. In so doing, they discuss problems of correctness in the applicability of the classical normal distribution for the estimation of the expected interval value of the equivalent sound level. The authors also provide a set of procedures with respect to its derivation, based upon an assumption of the determined distribution of the measurement results. The obtained results then create the plane for the correct uncertainty calculation of the results of the determined controlled environmental acoustic hazard coefficient.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Batko
Bartosz Przysucha
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Abstract

The assessment of the uncertainty of measurement results, an essential problem in environmental acoustic investigations, is undertaken in the paper. An attention is drawn to the - usually omitted - problem of the verification of assumptions related to using the classic methods of the confidence intervals estimation, for the controlled measuring quantity.

Especially the paper directs attention to the need of the verification of the assumption of the normal distribution of the measuring quantity set, being the base for the existing and binding procedures of the acoustic measurements assessment uncertainty. The essence of the undertaken problem concerns the binding legal and standard acts related to acoustic measurements and recommended in: 'Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement' (GUM) (OIML 1993), developed under the aegis of the International Bureau of Measures (BIPM). The model legitimacy of the hypothesis of the normal distribution of the measuring quantity set in acoustic measurements is discussed and supplemented by testing its likelihood on the environment acoustic results.

The Jarque-Bery test based on skewness and flattening (curtosis) distribution measures was used for the analysis of results verifying the assumption. This test allows for the simultaneous analysis of the deviation from the normal distribution caused both by its skewness and flattening. The performed experiments concerned analyses of the distribution of sound levels: LD, LE, LN, LDWN, being the basic noise indicators in assessments of the environment acoustic hazards.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Batko
Renata Bal
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Abstract

The paper presents the use of visual evoked potentials VEP to the objective assessment of visual acuity. Methods of using visual evoked potentials (VEP) rely on the assessment of changes of the electrical action potentials generated within the cortex. To diagnose the degree of weakening eyesight a series of studies on healthy people and visually impaired ones were made. Electrophysiological studies of the eye, using noninvasive VEP examination allow a noninvasive and objective assessment of visual acuity. The use of visual evoked potentials gives the objectivity in assessment of visual acuity what may be very important in ophthalmology. This particularly may concern children examination, people with mental retardation and suspected of simulation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Arkadiusz Hulewicz
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Abstract

Granulometrie composition of dust coming from main technological nodes - i.e. from the sinter plant, blast furnace and lead refinery - of the zinc smelter in Poland was investigated. Samples of dust trapped in bag filters were collected. The sieve analysis, sediment analysis and a laser analyzer of granulomeric composition were used in investigations. Mass and particle number contributions of the dust to nine granulometrie fractions having aerodynamic diameters in intervals: 0-2.5, 2.5-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-32, 32-40, 40-63, 63-100, I 00-250 μm were determined. To determine mathematical functions describing (mass and particle number) changes in the fractional composition of each dust the results were statistically analyzed by applying the nonlinear estimation. Using of the polynomial regression provided a very good correlation between the sought functions and results of measurements. The results of measurements are presented in tables and charts. High degree of granulometrie diversity of the investigated dust samples, depending on the dust formation mechanisms, i.e. on the technology used and composition of raw materials, was noted. High share of the fine particles in the dust may be a serious hazard to human health, especially in the case of breakdown in functioning of dust collectors.
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Authors and Affiliations

Edyta Melaniuk-Wolny
Jan Konieczyński
Bogusław Komosiński
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Abstract

The purpose of the work was to determine the relationship between the of the water quality parameters in an artificial reservoir used as cooling ponds. Multivariate methods, cluster analysis and factor analysis were applied to analyze eighteen physico-chemical parameters such as air and water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, visibility of the Secchi disk, concentrations of total nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, total phosphorus, phosphate, concentrations of calcium, magnesium, chlorides, sulfates and total dissolved salts, pH, chemical oxygen demand and electric conductivity from 2002-2017 to investigated cooling water discharge. Hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) allowed identified five different clusters that reflect the different water quality characteristics of the water system. Similar results were obtained in exploratory factor analysis, five factors were obtained with 65.96% total variance. However, confirmatory factor analysis showed that four latent variables: salinity, temperature, eutrophication, and ammonia provide better fit to the data than a five-factor structure. Correlations between latent variables temperature, eutrophication and ammonia show a significant effect of temperature on the transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Mazierski
1
Maciej Kostecki
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
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Abstract

Quality assessment of shallow groundwater table is very important because it is the water that recharges deeper aquifers and constantly feeds the water levels of our surface streams and wetlands. Continuous monitoring of large number of quality parameters is essential for effective maintenance of water quality through appropriate control measures. However, it is very difficult and laborious task for regular monitoring of all the parameters even if adequate manpower and laboratory facilities are available. Therefore, this study presents the statistical analysis of physico- chemical parameters (pH, EC, TDS, Na, K, Ca, Mg, HCO3, Cl, CO3, SO4, TH, B, F) using correlation and Principal Component Analysis. The statistical analysis of the groundwater quality variables indicated that most of the variables are highly correlated. The strong correlation is an opportunity to develop a regression equation and monitor using few parameters. This provides an easy and rapid method of continuous groundwater quality monitoring. Moreover, groundwater of the area showed significant compositional variation. The compositional variability has implications for the source and origin of groundwater quality in the study area.
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Authors and Affiliations

Megersa Olumana Dinka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Johannesburg, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Department of Civil Engineering Sciences, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa
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Abstract

This study presents the determination of the content of selected metals (Ba, Ca, Fe, Nb, Rb, Sr, Y, Zn, and Zr) in postglacial deposits from two glacial valleys (Ebbadalen and Elsadalen) in the Petunia Bay (southern Spitsbergen). The aim of the research was to experimentally check the usefulness of the handheld energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique in the study of samples from the polar zone, before performing the future field tests. Deposit analyses were performed (in parallel) with two handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometers from different manufacturers, to investigate the accuracy and reliability of the instruments. The statistical analysis of the results indicated that the measurements carried out with two spectrometers were statistically significantly different, which was probably due to the different calibration characteristics used by the manufacturers. However, the analysis of the spatial distribution of element concentrations using Geographic Information System tools showed that the distribution maps of elements concentrations were similar regardless of the spectrometer used in the analyses.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lidia Kozak
1
Juliana Silva Souza
1
Adam Nawrot
2
Jędrzej Proch
1
Marcin Kaźmierski
3
Agnieszka Zawieja
4
Przemysław Niedzielski
1

  1. Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
  2. Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Księcia Janusza 64, 01-452 Warszawa, Poland
  3. Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Bogumiła Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
  4. MEWO S.A., Starogardzka 16, 83-010 Straszyn, Poland
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Abstract

Meteorological parameters which are most significant for ozone forecasting were chosen in the multiple regression analysis for the daily time series. Then correlations between the variables we~e investigated, both for the daily and temporary values. There was confirmed a strong relationship between atmospheric conditions and ozone concentrations as well as autocorrelations of the temporary time series of ozone from different monitoring stations. Diversification of autocorrelation values arises probably from different receptor locations which was confirmed by the principal component analysis. There were also shown dependences between the ozone time series from different monitoring stations. Strong space-time relationships of ozone concentrations and meteorological conditions in the Black Triangle region can be used in modeling and forecasting of ozone episodes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Artur Gzella
Jerzy Zwoździak
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Abstract

The paper deals with frequency estimation methods of sine-wave signals for a few signal cycles and consists of two parts. The first part contains a short overview where analytical error formulae for a signal distorted by noise and harmonics are presented. These formulae are compared with other accurate equations presented previously by the authors which are even more accurate below one cycle in the measurement window. The second part contains a comparison of eight estimation methods (ESPRIT, TLS, Prony LS, a newly developed IpDFT method and four other 3-point IpDFT methods) in respect of calculation time and accuracy for an ideal sine-wave signal, signal distorted by AWGN noise and a signal distorted by harmonics. The number of signal cycles is limited from 0.1 to 3 or 5. The results enable to select the most accurate/ fastest estimation method in various measurement conditions. Parametric methods are more accurate but also much slower than IpDFT methods (up to 3000 times for the number of samples equal to 5000). The presented method is more accurate than other IpDFT methods and much faster than parametric methods, which makes it possible to use it as an alternative, especially in real-time applications.
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Authors and Affiliations

Józef Borkowski
Dariusz Kania
Janusz Mroczka
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Abstract

In 2018, the 90th anniversary of Professor Vasiliy Danilovich Bondaletov`s birth will be celebrated. The aim of the article is to remind readers of the quantitative and qualitative method of statistical analysis in anthroponomastic research developed by Professor Bondaletov, as well as to show its advantages over simplified descriptions of the frequency of personal names. In this article, the detailed analysis of male Christian names found in customs books from Northern Russia (1633–1636 and 1678–1680) was conducted. The comparison of statistical data, according to the suggestion of Professor V. D. Bondaletov, enabled us to observe subtle differences between the abovementioned resources, namely to estimate the level of their (dis)similarity and describe the dynamics of the evolution of the resources of male Christian names throughout the 17th century, as well as changes in the popularity of various names.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bożena Hrynkiewicz-Adamskich
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Abstract

The results of drill stem tests made on the autochthonous Miocene deposits of the Upper Badenian - Lower Sarmatian age in the Carpathian Foredeep were analyzed. Reservoir tests were performed in open and cased holes, where inflows of formation water of varying saturation degree and sometimes contaminated with drilling mud filtrate, were observed. A total of 58 intervals, geophysically qualified as gas-bearing, were analyzed. Statistical analysis methods were used for determining the influence of the formation depth on the depth of deposition of the Miocene, and also dependence of initial back-pressure exerted on the reservoir during DST, on the depth of deposition of the reservoir. No correlation was found between water flow rate and initial differential pressure. A satisfactory correlation was obtained between hydrostatic pressure of water cushion in the tubing string and reservoir pressure for selected 22 the Miocene intervals in the Dębica region. In this region the pressure quotient php/pz broadly ranged between 0.05 and 0.57. Another correlation was noted between initial back-pressure and a depth at which pressure was measured and initial back-pressure, and formation water flow rate. The regression equations determined with statistical methods can be used for predicting values of formation pressure, initial value of back-pressure, formation water flow rate and initial differential pressure during DST. On this basis technological parameters of successive reservoir tests can be determined for in the analyzed area of the Carpathian Foredeep, particularly in the Dębica region.

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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Dubiel
Barbara Uliasz-Misiak
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Abstract

Analysis of groundwater quality in the alluvial aquifer of the lower Soummam Valley, North-East of Algeria, was realised through the application of multivariate statistical methods: hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) in Q and R modes, factorial correspondence analysis (FCA), and principal component analysis (PCA), to hydrochemical data from 51 groundwater samples, collected from 17 boreholes during periods of June, September 2016 and March 2017. The objectives of this approach are to characterise the water quality and to know the factors which govern its evolution by processes controlling its chemical composition. The Piper diagram shows two hydrochemical facies: calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate. Statistical techniques HCA, PCA, and FCA reveal two groups of waters: the first (EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl–, SO42– and NO3–) of evaporitic origin linked to the dissolution processes of limestone rocks, leaching of saliferous soils and anthropogenic processes, namely contamination wastewater and agricultural activity, as well marine intrusion; and the second group (Na+, K+, and HCO3–) of carbonated origin influenced by the dissolution of carbonate formations and the exchange of bases. The thermodynamic study has shown that all groundwater is undersaturated with respect to evaporitic minerals. On the other hand, it is supersaturated with respect to carbonate minerals, except for water from boreholes F9, F14, and F16, which possibly comes down to the lack of dissolution and arrival of these minerals. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the utility of multivariate statistical methods in the analysis of groundwater quality.
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Authors and Affiliations

Messaoud Ghodbane
1
ORCID: ORCID
Lahcen Benaabidate
2
ORCID: ORCID
Abderrahmane Boudoukha
3
ORCID: ORCID
Aissam Gaagai
4
ORCID: ORCID
Omar Adjissi
5
ORCID: ORCID
Warda Chaib
4
ORCID: ORCID
Hani Amir Aouissi
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Mohamed Boudiaf, Faculty of Technology, Laboratory of City, Environment, Society and Sustainable Development, 166 Ichebilia, 28000, M’sila, Algeria
  2. University of Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment Engineering, Fez, Morocco
  3. University of Batna 2, Laboratory of Applied Research in Hydraulics, Batna, Algeria
  4. Scientific and Technical Research Center for Arid Areas (CRSTRA), Biskra, Algeria
  5. University of Mohamed Boudiaf, Faculty of Technology, M’sila, Algeria
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Abstract

Anestrus is essential to an unsuccessful pregnancy in dairy cows. One of the many factors that influences anestrus is the inactive ovary. To characterize in detail the plasma metabolic pro- file, anestrus cows suffering from inactive ovaries were compared with those with natural estrus. The Holstein cows 60 to 90 day postpartum in an intensive dairy farm were assigned into inactive ovaries groups (IO, n=20) and natural estrus group (CON, n=22) according to estrus signs and rectal palpation of ovaries. Plasma samples from two groups of cows were collected from the tail vein to screen differential metabolites using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques and multivariate statistical analysis and pathways. The results showed that 106 compounds were screened by GC/MS and 14 compounds in the IO group were decreased by analyzing important variables in the projection values and p values of MSA.Through pathway analysis, 14 compounds, mainly associated with carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid meta- bolism, were identified to results in IO, which may seriously affect follicular growth. Metabolo- mics profiling, together with MSA and pathway analysis, showed that follicular growth and development in dairy cows is related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism by a single or multiple pathway(s).

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Authors and Affiliations

C. Zhao
P. Hu
Y.L. Bai
C. Xia
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Abstract

The concept of sustainability requires that waste-modified materials also demonstrate adequate sustainability. This paper examines the effect of modifying cement concrete with waste lime dust on the course of concrete carbonation. The waste dust comes from the dedusting of aggregate for use in HMA – Hot Mixture Asphalt. The aim of the study was to examine whether the partial replacement of sand with waste powder would have a negative effect on the potential durability of a reinforced concrete element made of this concrete. To determine the extent of carbonation, an experimental plan was prepared including the execution of concretes with varying levels of substitution and a variable water/cement ratio. In order to identify long term influence the test was performed as indicated in EN 12390-12, but with the test time extended to 560 days. The results obtained were statistically analysed and the predicted maximum extent of carbonation depending on the level of substitution and the water/cement ratio was determined. The analysis indicates that it is possible to substitute sand with waste limestone dust without having a negative impact on the extent of carbonation, and thus on the durability of the reinforced concrete structure.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maja Kępniak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Woyciechowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Currently, due to reduced water resources, there is a need to build reservoirs in Poland. Reservoirs perform important economic, natural and recreational functions in the environment, improve water balance and contribute to fl ood protection. In the construction of reservoirs, it is necessary to consider not only hydrological issues related to water quantity, but also its quality, silting, and many other factors. Therefore, the physiographic, hydrological, hydrochemical, and hydrogeological conditions of the projected reservoirs have to be taken into account to limit the potential negative eff ects of decisions to build them. In order to assess the suitability of eight projected small water retention reservoirs (to increase water resources in the Barycz River catchment in Lower Silesia and Greater Poland provinces, this article takes into account hydrological indicators (efficiency of the reservoir, operation time, dependence on the intensity of silting, and flood hazard indicator), water quality (phosphorus load and nitrogen load), hydrogeological conditions (type of geological substratum for the reservoir basin and filtration losses), and safety of the reservoir dam. To develop a theoretical model describing the regularities between the indicators, multivariate statistical techniques were used, including the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Factor Analysis (FA). In order to assess the reservoirs, a synthetic indicator was developed to compare the reservoirs with each other in relation to the conditions. The Cluster Analysis (CA) was used for typological classification of homogeneous locations of projected small retention reservoirs. Own research procedure for identification of the most advantageous water reservoirs, with the use of multivariate statistical techniques, may be used as a tool supporting decision making in other facilities intended for implementation in provincial projects of small retention.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Wiatkowski
1
Barbara Wiatkowska
2
Łukasz Gruss
1
Czesława Rosik-Dulewska
3
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Tomczyk
1
Dawid Chłopek
1

  1. Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Poland
  2. University of Opole, Institute of Socio-Economic Geography and Spatial Management, Poland
  3. Institute of Environmental Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences in Zabrze

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