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Abstract

Electric arc is a complex phenomenon occurring during the current interruption process in the power system. Therefore performing digital simulations is often necessary to analyse transient conditions in power system during switching operations. This paper deals with the electric arc modelling and its implementation in simulation software for transient analyses during switching conditions in power system. Cassie, Cassie-Mayr as well as Schwarz-Avdonin equations describing the behaviour of the electric arc during the current interruption process have been implemented in EMTP-ATP simulation software and presented in this paper. The models developed have been used for transient simulations to analyse impact of the particular model and its parameters on Transient Recovery Voltage in different switching scenarios: during shunt reactor switching-off as well as during capacitor bank current switching-off. The selected simulation cases represent typical practical scenarios for inductive and capacitive currents breaking, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Oramus
Tomasz Chmielewski
Tomasz Kuczek
Wojciech Piasecki
Marcin Szewczyk
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Abstract

This paper presents low-cost, configurable PCI Express (PCIe) direct memory access (DMA) interface for implementation on Intel Cyclone V FPGAs. The DMA engine was designed to support DAQ tasks including pre-triggering acquisition for transient analysis and multichannel transmission. Performance of the interface has been evaluated on Terasic OVSK board (PCIe Gen2 x4). Target configuration of this interface is based on the Avalon-MM Hard IP for Cyclone V PCIe core and Jungo WinDriver x64 for Windows. A sample speed of 1200 MB/s has been reported for DMA writes to PCIe memory.
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Bibliography

[1] PCI Express Base Specification, rev. 3.0, PCI-SIG, Nov. 2010
[2] A. Wójcik, R. Łukaszewski, R. Kowalik, W. Winiecki, “Nonintrusive Appliance Load Monitoring: An Overview, Laboratory Test Results and Research Directions”, Sensors, 2019, 19, 3621
[3] A. Wójcik, P. Bilski, R. Łukaszewski, K. Dowalla, R. Kowalik, “Identification of the State of Electrical Appliances with the Use of a Pulse Signal Generator”, Energies, 2021, 14, 673.
[4] K. N. Trung, E. Dekneuvel, B. Nicolle, O. Zammit, C. N. Van, G. Jacquemod, “Using FPGA for Real Time Power Monitoring in a NIALM System”, In Proc. 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2013, pp. 1-6
[5] Intel Corporation, Modular Scatter-Gather DMA Core, In Embedded Peripherals IP User Guide v. 18.1
[6] Intel Corporation, Intel® Quartus® Prime Standard Edition User Guide v. 18.1, Platform Designer
[7] Intel Corporation, Cyclone® V Avalon® Memory Mapped (Avalon-MM) Interface for PCIe Solutions User Guide, UG-01110, 2020
[8] Intel Corporation,V-Series Avalon-MM DMA Interface for PCIe Solutions User Guide, UG-01154, 2016
[9] WinDriver, https://www.jungo.com/st/products/windriver/wd_windows/
[10] OpenVINO Stater Kit GT Edition User Manual, available on https://www.terasic.com.tw/
[11] L. Rota, M. Caselle, S. Chilingaryan, A. Kopmann, M. Weber, “A PCIe DMA Architecture for Multi-Gigabyte Per Second Data Transmission”, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol. 62, no. 3, 2015, pp. 972 - 976
[12] A. Byszuk, J. Kołodziejski, G. Kasprowicz, K. Późniak, W. M. Zabołotny “Implementation of PCI Express bus communication for FPGA-based data acquisition systems”, In Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 8454, 2015
[13] L. Boyang, “Research and Implementation of XDMA High Speed Data Transmission IP Core Based on PCI Express and FPGA”, in 2019 IEEE 1st International Conference on Civil Aviation Safety and Information Technology (ICCASIT), Oct. 2019, pp. 408–411
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Mroczek
1

  1. Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

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