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Evaluation of the protective efficacy of virus-like particles based on PCV 2b and 2d subtypes against mixed challenge in mice

X.M. Yuan Q.C. Yuan S.M. Feng Z.B. Deng

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 2 | 195-205 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.141803

Keywords type 2 virus-like particles vaccine mouse

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Abstract

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an economically important swine pathogen and, although small, it has the highest evolution rate among DNA viruses. Commercial PCV2 commercial vaccines are inactivated PCV2 isolates or a subunit vaccine based on the Cap protein of PCV2. Currently, PCV2 VLPs of individual subtype vaccines are available. Although the main prevalent genotype worldwide is PCV2b, the emerging subtype PCV2d subtype is also increasingly associated with PCV disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the protective efficacy of VLP based on the PCV2b and 2d subtypes against the mixed challenge of two hypotype PCV2 in mice. Thirty-six female SPV Kunming mice were immunized twice with PCV2b and 2d VLPs, then challenged with PCV2b and PCV2d, to assess the immunogenicity and effectiveness of the VLPs. Vaccination of the mice with PCV2b and 2d VLPs elicited a robust antibody response specific for the PCV2. The virus load detected in the 2b and 2d spleen vaccine group was the lowest compared to other groups. Furthermore, there was no pathological damage in the HE stained sections of the 2b and 2d spleen vaccine, and no virus was detected in the immunohistochemical sections. Our data suggest that the mixed PCV2b and 2d VLP vaccine could protect mice from challenge with the mixed infection of PCV2b and PCV2d.

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Authors and Affiliations

X.M. Yuan

Q.C. Yuan

S.M. Feng

Z.B. Deng

Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control and Animal model, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, No. 1 Nongda road, Furong District, Changsha, 410128, People’s Republic of China

Rapid screening of monoclonal antibodies against porcine circovirus type 2 using colloidal gold-based paper test

Q.Y. Jin L.L. Feng Y.B. Wang P. Li J.F. Yang M. Teng S.J. Chai G.X. Xing G.P. Zhang

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 1 | 27-34 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.140837

Keywords porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) screening of MAbs paper test

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Abstract

A proof of concept for using paper test as a suitable method in the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) is reported. The paper test which detects antibodies against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) using colloidal gold-labelled capsid protein as the antigen probe was applied exclusively in the screening of anti-PCV2 MAbs. It allowed the detection of 118 single cell clones within 30 min using naked eyes. MAbs with specific binding to authentic epitopes on the virus were selected using a blocking strategy in which the antibody was pre-incubated with PCV2 viral sample before applying to the test paper. Five hybridomas secreting MAbs against the capsid protein were obtained, with only three of them capable of binding to PCV2. The results were validated and confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence assay. The paper test is simple, rapid, and independent on professional technicians and proves to be an excellent approach for the screening of MAbs against specific targets.

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Authors and Affiliations

Q.Y. Jin

L.L. Feng

Y.B. Wang

P. Li

J.F. Yang

M. Teng

S.J. Chai

G.X. Xing

G.P. Zhang

Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China
School of Life Sciences and Basic Medicine, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, PR China

Performance analysis of an InAs/GaSb superlattice barrier photodetector covering the full LWIR spectral domain

R. Alchaar J. B. Rodriguez L. Höglund S. Naureen E. Costard P. Christol

Opto-Electronics Review | 2020 | 28 | 3 | 164-170 | DOI: 10.24425/opelre.2020.134425

Keywords barrier photodetector InAs/GaSb type-2 superlattice long wavelength infrared performance analysis

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Abstract

In this paper, we present the electrical and electro-optical characterizations of an InAs/GaSb type-2 superlattice barrier photodetector operating in the full longwave infrared spectral domain. The fabricated detectors exhibited a 50% cut-off wavelength around 14 μm at 80 K and a quantum efficiency slightly above 20%. The dark current density was of 4.6 × 10 2 A/cm2 at 80 K and a minority carrier lateral diffusion was evaluated through dark current measurements on different detector sizes. In addition, detector spectral response, its dark current-voltage characteristics and capacitance-voltage curve accompanied by electric field simulations were analyzed in order to determine the operating bias and the dark current regimes at different biases. Finally, dark current simulations were also performed to estimate a minority carrier lifetime by comparing experimental curves with simulated ones.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Alchaar

J. B. Rodriguez

L. Höglund

S. Naureen

E. Costard

P. Christol

Interval Type 2 Fuzzy PI Enhanced State Space Model for Battery Management in Battery Electric Utility Vehicles Operating in Indoor Logistics Environment

R. Arun Kumar R. Sankar Ganesh

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | Early Access | e150330 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2024.150330

Keywords fuzzy network battery electric utility vehicle state-space battery management systems interval type 2 fuzzy

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Abstract

This research presents an advanced control approach for battery management in Battery Electric Utility Vehicles (BEUV) operating in indoor logistics environments. The proposed approach utilizes a combination of Proportional-Integral (PI), Fuzzy PI, and Interval Type 2 Fuzzy PI (IT2FuzzyPI) control structures to augment the state space model for battery management. The state space model incorporates the voltage and current of each battery cell as state variables and considers the current demand from the electric motor as an input. By integrating fuzzy logic with PI control and considering uncertainty, the IT2FuzzyPI structure offers improved control recital and system robustness in the occurrence of nonlinearities, uncertainties, and turbulences. The outcomes of the simulation validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in managing the battery pack system's state of charge and controlling the rates of charging and discharging. The IT2FuzzyPI control significantly improves the overall proficiency and longevity of the battery system, making it suitable for battery electric utility vehicles in logistics environments. This research contributes to the field of battery management systems, providing a valuable tool for designing and evaluating high-performance electric vehicles with enhanced control capabilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Arun Kumar

R. Sankar Ganesh

Novel antidiabetic drugs in diabetic kidney disease accompanying type 2 diabetes — a minireview

Ewa Wieczorek-Surdacka Andrzej Surdacki Jolanta Świerszcz Bernadeta Chyrchel

Folia Medica Cracoviensia | 2020 | Vol. 60 | No 4 | 97-101 | DOI: 10.24425/fmc.2020.136207

Keywords sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists renoprotection diabetic kidney disease type 2 diabetes cardiovascular outcome trials clinical practice guidelines

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Abstract

Intensive hypoglycemic treatment is the strongest preventive strategy against the development of microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), including diabetic nephropathy. However, some antidiabetic drugs, i.e. sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RA) have an additional renoprotective effect beyond glucose control by itself. Similar, both SGLT-2i and GLP1-RA have been demonstrated to decrease the risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) events in CV outcome trials. Nevertheless, there are relevant differences in CV and renal effects of SGLT-2i and GLP1-RA. First, SGLT2i reduced the incidence and progression of albuminuria and prevented loss of kidney function, while predominant renal benefits of GLP1-RA were driven by albuminuria outcomes. Second, the risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations decreased on SGLT2i but not on GLP1-RA, which gives priority to SGLT2i in T2DM and HF, especially with depressed EF. Third, either GLP1-RA (reducing predominantly atherosclerosis-dependent events) or SGLT-2i, should be used in T2DM and established atherosclerotic CV disease (ASCVD) or other indicators of high CV risk. In this review, we have briefly compared clinical practice guidelines of the American Diabetes Association (2020 and 2021 versions), Polish Diabetes Association (2020) and the European Society of Cardiology/European Association for the Study of Diabetes (2019), with a focus on the choice between SGLT-2i and GLP1-RA in patients with diabetic kidney disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Wieczorek-Surdacka

Andrzej Surdacki

Jolanta Świerszcz

Bernadeta Chyrchel

Chair and Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
Second Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
Second Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland

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Evaluation of the protective efficacy of virus-like particles based on PCV 2b and 2d subtypes against mixed challenge in mice

Abstract

Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations

Rapid screening of monoclonal antibodies against porcine circovirus type 2 using colloidal gold-based paper test

Abstract

Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations

Performance analysis of an InAs/GaSb superlattice barrier photodetector covering the full LWIR spectral domain

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Interval Type 2 Fuzzy PI Enhanced State Space Model for Battery Management in Battery Electric Utility Vehicles Operating in Indoor Logistics Environment

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations

Novel antidiabetic drugs in diabetic kidney disease accompanying type 2 diabetes — a minireview

Abstract

Bibliography

Authors and Affiliations