The Jarlsbergian unconformity at the Late Proterozoic-Early Cambrian boundary, is expressed in the Hecla Hoek Succession of South Spitsbergen as a regional low-angle unconformity, the result of folding and subsequent erosion of the Late Precambrian Jarlsbergian Basin deposits. The unconformity pre-dates the Bonnia-Olenellus trilobite zone; the sedimentary hiatus covers the lowest Cambrian Fallotaspis and Nevadella trilobite zones, and a closer undefined uppermost part of the Late Proterozoic. There are no Varangian (latest Proterozoic) tillites present in south Spitsbergen at the top of the Late Proterozoic metasediment column which is represented by the Gashamna Formation phyllites and associated rocks.
There are two important unconformities in the Calypsostranda Group (late Palaeogene) at Bellsund, Spitsbergen. The first one is the basal angular unconformity of the Skilvika Formation against folded and planated Proterozoic metasediments: the author provides evidence for its primary sedimentary character. The second one is an intraformational erosional disconformity/discontinuity expressed by rapid replacement of coal-bearing terrestrial strata (Skilvika Formation) by shallow-marine strata (Renarddodden Formation).