W literaturze przedmiotu kobiety świadczące usługi seksualne opisywane są przede wszystkim z dwóch perspektyw: jako bezwolne ofiary, które nie potrafią kierować swoim życiem lub zdecydowanie rzadziej, jako świadome podmioty, podejmujące decyzję o takim sposobie zarobkowania. W artykule te dwie perspektywy zostaną zestawione z doświadczeniami kobiet, które swoje zaangażowanie w usługi seksualne postrzegają w kategoriach zaradności. Zaprezentowane zostaną podtypy zaradności wyróżnione podczas analizy danych. Opisany zostanie także ambiwalentny charakter tak rozumianej zaradności, w której duma z faktu radzenia sobie w życiu splata się nierzadko z poczuciem wstydu i lęku, wynikających ze świadomości negatywnego odbioru społecznego.
Bazę empiryczną artykułu stanowią 52 wywiady swobodne z kobietami świadczącymi usługi seksualne w agencjach towarzyskich, poddane analizie za pomocą procedur metodologii teorii ugruntowanej.
A lot of interest has recently been put into the so-called ‘virtual cryptographic currencies’, commonly known as cryptocurrencies, along with its surrounding market. The blockchain technology that stands behind them is also becoming increasingly popular. From the perspective of maintaining energy security, an important issue is the process of mining individual cryptocurrencies, which is associated with very high energy consumption. This operation is usually related to the approval of new blocks in the blockchain network and attaching them to the chain. This process is carried out through performing complex mathematical operations by various devices, which in turn require high power and respectively consume a lot of energy. The impact of cryptocurrency miners on the power and energy demand level might gradually increase over time, therefore this issue shouldn’t be ignored. Comparing the above information in parallel with the growing need for providing demand side response (DSR) services in the Polish Power System, raises the question whether devices used for mining cryptocurrencies can be used for the purpose of balancing the power system. This paper presents an analysis of the possibility to provide the demand side response services by groups of cryptocurrency miners users. The analysis was carried out taking basic functional, technological and economical aspects of these devices’ operations into account.
The concept of ecosystem services becomes more and more popular in regulation of the environmental protection. One of the premises of that concept is treatment of a human and human activity as an integral part of an ecosystem. Interrelations between human activity and ecosystem can be described through the concept of ecosystem services. A certain degree of commodification of natural environment which is immanently connected with the concept of ecosystem services can become useful as a tool of assessing the impact of human activities on ecosystem as well as regulating that impact. Marine protection law is a good example of attempts to introduce the interrelated concepts of ecosystem approach and ecosystem services into functioning of the regulatory schemes.