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Abstract

Contemporary tools which help to design technical objects refer to the conclusions drawn from studying the changes of physical processes accompanying the exploitation, especially to vibroacoustic processes. The main problem is to define such vibroacoustic measures, where their changes would model the analyzed physical phenomena in the best way. Basing on simple indicators which refer to occurring phenomena, it is possible to obtain accurate solutions with a satisfactory reliance level without using complex computing techniques needing detailed descriptors. According to the author, the indicators which are based on the analysis of vibroacoustic energy propagation are very useful in solving engineering problems. These indicators are useful while diagnosing the condition of technical systems, identifying and minimizing the vibroacoustic risks. The possibilities of using such indicators in order to find design solution are illustrated by sample results of the research of the structures with vibroacoustic elements which reduce the noise of rail vehicles by the rail vibration damping.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Klekot
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Abstract

The present paper discusses static and dynamic characteristics of various under sleeper pads (USP) that are to be used in the ballasted track systems as resilient vibroacoustic isolators. Four different USP samples were put to fatigue tests and static and dynamic bedding moduli were determined. The purpose of the tests, which were carried out up to 500 thousand load cycles, was to determine which USP have favourable and which unfavourable properties, taking into account their potential application as the elements used for energy dissipation and reduction of noise and vibration. The obtained results allowed the authors to indicate samples with a potential for further analysis and to reject those, which did not satisfy the adopted criteria.

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Authors and Affiliations

C. Kraśkiewicz
A. Zbiciak
A. Al Sabouni-Zawadzka
A. Piotrowski
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Abstract

In vibration control with piezoceramics, a high coupling of the piezoelement with the structure is desired. A high coupling improves the damping performance of passive techniques like shunt damping. The coupling can be influenced by a the material properties of the piezoceramics, but also by the placement within the structure and the size of the transducer. Detailed knowlegde about the vibration behavior of the structure is required for this. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the optimal shape of piezoelectric elements. General results for one-dimensional, but inhomogeneos strain distribution are provided. These results are applied to the case of a longitudinal transducer and a bending bimorph. It is obtained that for maximum coupling, only a certain fracture of the volume should be made of piezoelectric material&
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcus Neubauer
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Abstract

The present paper focuses on the analysis of resistance of several prototypical under sleeper pads (USP) to severe environmental conditions. Taking into account the climate in Poland, evaluation of USP in regard to water and frost resistance should be performed and the influence of high temperatures should be analyzed. In the present paper results of several tests carried out on the selected USP are presented. The tests were performed in accordance with the rules given in PN-EN 16730. Concrete blocks with USP were immersed in water at room temperature for 24 h and then placed in a climatic chamber for resistance testing. The results show that the severe environmental conditions influence the damping-related parameters of USP, which affects the effectiveness of the vibration isolation. The performed analyses allowed the authors to indicate the most resistant pads that will undergo further testing. Additionally, requirements of several railway infrastructure managers as well as authors' recommendations concerning the properties of USP were given.
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Bibliography


[1] C. Jayasuriya, B. Indraratna, T. Ngoc Ngo, “Experimental study to examine the role of under sleeper pads for improved performance of ballast under cyclic loading”, Transportation Geotechnics 19: pp. 61–73, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2019.01.005
[2] C. Kraśkiewicz, A. Zbiciak, W. Oleksiewicz, W. Karwowski, “Static and Dynamic Parameters of Railway Tracks Retrofitted With Under Sleeper Pads”, Archives of Civil Engineering 64(4): pp. 187–201, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2478/ace-2018-0070
[3] M. Sol-Sánchez, F. Moreno-Navarro, C. Rubio-Gámez, “The use of elastic elements in railway tracks: A state of the art review”, Construction and Building Materials 75: pp. 293–305, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.027
[4] M. Sol-Sánchez, L. Pirozzolo, F. Moreno-Navarro, C. Rubio-Gámez, “A study into the mechanical performance of different configurations for the railway track section: A laboratory approach”, Engineering Structures 119: pp. 13–23, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.04.008
[5] M. Sol-Sánchez, F. Moreno-Navarro, C. Rubio-Gámez, “The Use of Deconstructed Tires as Elastic Elements in Railway Tracks”, Materials 7: 5903–5919, 2014. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma7085903
[6] M. Sol-Sánchez, N.H. Thom, F. Moreno-Navarro, C. Rubio-Gámez, G.D. Airey, “A study into the use of crumb rubber in railway ballast” Construction and Building Materials 75: pp. 19–24, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.10.045
[7] J. Kennedy, P.K. Woodward, G. Medero, M. Banimahd, “Reducing railway track settlement using three-dimensional polyurethane polymer reinforcement of the ballast” Construction and Building Materials 44: pp. 615–625, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.002
[8] S. Kaewunruen, A. Aikawa, A.M. Remennikov, “Vibration attenuation at rail joints through under sleeper pads”. Procedia Engineering 189: pp. 193-198, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.05.031
[9] A. Omodaka, T. Kumakura, T. Konishi, “Maintenance reduction by the development of resilient sleepers for ballasted track with optimal under-sleeper pads”, Procedia CIRP 59: pp. 53–56, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.09.039
[10] T. Abadi, L. Le Pen, A. Zervos, W. Powrie, “Effect of Sleeper Interventions on Railway Track Performance”, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 145(4): 04019009, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002022
[11] C. Jayasuriya, B. Indraratna, T.N. Ngo, “Experimental study to examine the role of under sleeper pads for improved performance of ballast under cyclic loading”, Transportation Geotechnics 19: pp. 61–73, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2019.01.005
[12] C. Kraśkiewicz, A. Zbiciak, A. Al Sabouni-Zawadzka, A. Piotrowski, “Experimental Research on Fatigue Strength of Prototype under Sleeper Pads Used in the Ballasted Rail Track Systems”, Archives of Civil Engineering 66(1): pp. 241–255, 2020. https://doi.org/10.24425/ace.2020.131786
[13] Zbiciak, C. Kraśkiewicz, Al Sabouni-Zawadzka, J. Pełczyński, S. Dudziak, “A Novel Approach to the Analysis of Under Sleeper Pads (USP) Applied in the Ballasted Track Structures”, Materials 13(11): p. 2438, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112438
[14] IRS 70713-1: Railway Application – Track & Structure “Under Sleeper Pads (USP) - Recommendations for Use”, 1st edition 01.04.2018.
[15] PN-EN 16730:2016-08 Railway applications – track – concrete sleepers and bearers with under sleeper pads.
[16] RFI TCAR SF AR 03 007 C, Specifica tecnica di fornitura: Tappetini sotto traversa (USP), 2017.
[17] SNCF IG04013 Traverses et supports béton pour pose ballastée équipées de semelles résilientes en sous faces (ex CT IGEV 016) 14.08.2018.
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Authors and Affiliations

Cezary Kraśkiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Artur Zbiciak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Al Sabouni-Zawadzka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland

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