How to search?
advanced search
Applied sciences

Archives of Environmental Protection

Archives of Environmental Protection

Description

Archives of Environmental Protection is the oldest Polish scientific journal of international scope that publishes articles on engineering and environmental protection. The quarterly has been published by the Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences since 1975. The journal has served as a forum for the exchange of views and ideas among scientists. It has become part of scientific life in Poland and abroad. The quarterly publishes the results of research and scientific inquiries by best specialists hereby becoming an important pillar of science. The journal facilitates better understanding of environmental risks to humans and ecosystems and it also shows the methods for their analysis as well as trends in the search of effective solutions to minimize these risks.

Copyright on any open access article in the Archives of Environmental Protection journal published by Polish Academy of Sciences is retained by the author(s). Authors grant Polish Academy of Sciences a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Authors also grant any user the right to use the article freely if its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. The Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-SA 4.0) formalizes these and other terms and conditions of publishing articles.  

The editorial team of Archives of Environmental Protection implements an open access policy by publishing materials in the form of the so-called Gold Open Access and encourages authors to place articles published in the journal in open repositories (after the review or the final version of the publisher), provided that a link to the journal’s website is provided.

For the articles which were previously published, before year 2021, policies that are different from the above. In all such, access to these articles is free from fees or any other access restrictions. Permissions for the use of the texts published in that journal may be sought directly from the Editors, by e-mail: aep@ipispan.edu.pl.

The journal is indexed by Clarivate Analytics services (Biological Abstract, BIOSIS Previews) and has an Impact Factor (June 2025) of 1.3

CiteScore 2025: 2.7

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2025: 0.313

Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2023: 0.71


Submit your article


ISSN
ISSN 2083-4772, eISSN 2083-4810
Publishers
Polish Academy of Sciences
Editors

Editor-in-Chief
Czesława Rosik-Dulewska ORCID logo0000-0003-2698-5437
Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Zabrze (Poland)

Editorial Advisory Board
Michał Bodzek ORCID logo0000-0001-9534-7426
Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Zabrze (Poland)

Joanna Surmacz-Górska ORCID logo0000-0002-1805-2189
Silesian University of Technology: Gliwice, Poland

Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska ORCID logo0000-0002-4339-0657
The Main School of Fire Service: Warszawa, PL


Assistant Editor
Jerzy Szdzuj


Editorial Board:

President: Piotr Koszelnik ORCID logo0000-0001-6866-7432
Politechnika Rzeszowska im Ignacego Lukasiewicza: Rzeszow, PL


Members:

Adamowski Jan Franklin (Canada) ORCID logo0000-0002-1242-3364
McGill University, Quebec, Canada


Alonso Rosa M. (Spain) ORCID logo0000-0002-1242-3364
University of the Basque Country/EHU, Bilbao, Spain


Banasik Kazimierz (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0002-7328-461X
Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland


Van der Bruggen Bart (Belgium) ORCID logo0000-0002-3921-7472
KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, The Netherlands


Czechowski Piotr Oskar (Poland) 0000-0001-7193-2022
Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Zabrze (Poland)


Wolfgang Frenzel (Germany) ORCID logo0000-0002-7697-2514
Technische Universität Berlin, Germany


Bamwenda Gratian R.(Tanzania)
Tanzania Academy of Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania


Huszar Peter (The Czech Republic) ORCID logo0000-0003-2954-8347
Uniwersytet Karola w Prague, The Czech Republic


Kulig Andrzej (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0001-6122-3169
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland


Kabsch-Korbutowicz Malgorzata (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0002-8188-042X
Technical University Wrocław, Poland


Kyzioł-Komosińska Joanna (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0001-8777-4989
Instytute of Environmental Engineering PAS, Zabrze, Poland


Michalski Rajmund (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0003-4441-7409
Instytute of Environmental Engineering PAS, Zabrze, Poland


Misiewicz Paula (United Kingdom) ORCID logo0000-0003-1909-285X
Adams University: Newport, United Kingdom


Corral Mosquera Anuska (Spain) ORCID logo0000-0003-1925-680X
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela. Spain


Nahorski Zbigniew (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0002-2340-8020
Systems Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland


Nakamura Takashi (Japan) ORCID logo0000-0002-1864-1143
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan


Oleszek Sylwia (Poland/Japan) ORCID logo0000-0001-6660-9992
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan


Pawłowski Lucjan (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0001-7435-5646
Lublin University of Technology: Lublin, PL


Reizer Magdalena (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0002-3572-6050
Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland


Rostkowski Pawel (Norway) ORCID logo0000-0001-9778-4283
Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller Norway


Soldan Premysl ( The Czech Republik) ORCID logo0000-0002-8892-5117
T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute (TGM WRI), Prague, The Czech Republic


Ultra Venecio (Philippines) ORCID logo0000-0002-7980-4137
Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST) , Palapye, Botswana


Wiatkowski Mirosław (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0002-5155-0593
Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland


Winnicki Tomasz (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0002-5859-7335
Karkonoska State Higher School in Jelenia Góra, Jelenia Góra, Poland


Włodarczyk-Makuła Maria (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0002-3978-2420
Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland


Zwoździak Jerzy (Poland) ORCID logo0000-0003-3779-4177
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Nowym Sączu: Nowy Sącz, PL





Institute of Environmental Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences

ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 34,

41-819 Zabrze, Poland

Tel.: +48-32-271 64 81

Fax: +48-32-271 74 70

Mob. +48 728 413 219

e-mail: aep@ipispan.edu.pl

Copyright

Copyright on any open access article in the Archives of Environmental Protection journal published by Polish Academy of Sciences is retained by the author(s). Authors grant Polish Academy of Sciences a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Authors also grant any user the right to use the article freely if its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. The Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License ( CC BY-SA 4.0) formalizes these and other terms and conditions of publishing articles.  




The editorial team of Archives of Environmental Protection implements an open access policy by publishing materials in the form of the so-called Gold Open Access and encourages authors to place articles published in the journal in open repositories (after the review or the final version of the publisher), provided that a link to the journal’s website is provided.

Exceptions to copyright policy

For the articles which were previously published, before year 2021, policies that are different from the above. In all such, access to these articles is free from fees or any other access restrictions. Permissions for the use of the texts published in that journal may be sought directly from the Editors, by e-mail: aep@ipispan.edu.pl.

Abstracting & Indexing


Archives of Environmental Protection is covered by the following services:


AGRICOLA (National Agricultural Library)

Arianta

Baidu

BazTech

BIOSIS Citation Index

CABI

CAS

DOAJ

EBSCO

Engineering Village

GeoRef

Google Scholar

Index Copernicus

Journal Citation Reports™

Journal TOCs

KESLI-NDSL

Naviga

ProQuest

SCOPUS

Reaxys

Ulrich's Periodicals Directory

WorldCat

Web of Science

  • Volumes
  • Instructions for authors
  • Peer-review Procedure
  • Reviewers
  • Plagiarism Policy

Select number

Content

Archives of Environmental Protection | 2023 | vol. 49 | No 3

1 Exploration on sustainable new infrastructure green development pattern: coupling coordination measurement and evaluation of China'snNew infrastructure investment intensity and green technology innovation
Kunjie Zhu , Simin Yang
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2023 | vol. 49 | No 3 | 3-15 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2023.147324
Keywords: new infrastructure investment green technology innovation green development pattern couplingcoordination degree model environmental pollution
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In the context of China’s new infrastructure construction developing rapidly, this paper explores the sustainable new infrastructure green development pattern. We establish qualitative and quantitative indicators for green technology innovation (GTI) at both the societal macro level and enterprise micro level, capturing the multidimensional nature of China’s green innovation dynamic. Additionally, we create an indicator system for China’s new infrastructure investment intensity (NTI) across three areas: information infrastructure, integration infrastructure, and innovation infra-structure. Using provincial panel data from 2010 to 2020, we construct a coupling coordination degree model (CCDM) to examine the level of coordination between NTI and GTI. Our findings reveal that: the degree of coordination between NTI and GTI follows a U-shaped curve, with both subsystems remaining far from highly coordinated during rapid development; the coupling level of NTI and GTI in China is currently at a near dissonance level overall; the degree of coupling and coordination between NTI and GTI is mainly influenced by policies, and the coupling level is higher on the enterprise side than on the societal side; the two parameters (α-NTI and β-GTI) widely used in prior studies have less of an effect on the coordinated coupling system than other factors considered herein.
Go to article

Bibliography

  2. Aguilera-Caracuel, J. & Ortiz-de-Mandojana, N. (2013). Green innovation and financial performance: An institutional approach. Organization & Environment. 26(4), 365-385. DOI:10.1177/1086026613507931
  3. Allenby, B. & Chester, M. (2018). Reconceptualizing infrastructure in the Anthropocene. Issues in Science and Technology. 34(3), 58-63. Retrieved from http://issues.org/34-3/reconceptualizing-infrastructure-in-the-anthropocene/
  4. Arenhardt, D. L., Battistella, L. F. & Grohmann, M. Z. (2016). The influence of the green innovation in the search of competitive advantage of enterprises of the electrical and electronic Brazilian sectors. International Journal of innovation management. 20(01), 1650004. DOI:10.1142/S1363919616500043
  5. Bartlett, M. S. (1950). Tests of significance in factor analysis. British journal of psychology. DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1950.tb00285.x
  6. Bougheas, S., Demetriades, P. O. & Morgenroth, E. L. (1999). Infrastructure, transport costs and trade. Journal of international Economics. 47(1), 169-189. DOI:10.1016/S0022-1996(98)00008-7
  7. Chao, X. (2020). The Path of New Digital Infrastructure to Promote High-Quality Development in China. Journal of Xi'an University of Finance and Economics. 33(02):15-19. DOI:10.19331j.cnki.jxufe.2020.02.003
  8. Chen, Y. S. (2008). The driver of green innovation and green image–green core competence. Journal of business ethics. 81, 531-543. DOI:10.1007/s10551-007-9522-1
  9. Chen, Y. S., Chang, C. H. & Wu, F. S. (2012). Origins of green innovations: the differences between proactive and reactive green innovations. Management Decision. 50(3), 368-398. DOI:10.1108/00251741211216197
  10. Chester, M. V. Markolf, S. & Allenby, B. (2019). Infrastructure and the environment in the Anthropocene. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 23(5), 1006-1015. DOI:10.1111/jiec.12848
  11. Doyle, M. W. & Havlick, D. G. (2009). Infrastructure and the environment. Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 34(1), 349-373. DOI:10.1146/annurev.environ.022108.180216
  12. Du, X., Zhang, H. & Han, Y. (2022). How Does New Infrastructure Investment Affect Economic Growth Quality? Empirical Evidence from China. Sustainability. 14(6), 3511. DOI:10.3390/su14063511
  13. Fan, H. & Wu, T. (2022). New Digital Infrastructure, Digital Capacity and Total Factor Productivity. Research on Economics and Management. 43(01): 3-22. DOI:10.13502/j.cnki.issn1000-7636.2022.01.001
  14. Gong, X., Li, D. & Zhao, X. (2022). New infrastructure investment, industrial integration capacity and high-quality economic development. Price: Theory & Practice. (04), 9-13. DOI: 10.19851/j.cnki.cn11-1010/f.2022.04.156.
  15. Gu, B. & Liao, L. (2022). Measurement and Spatial-temporal Pattern Evolution of the Coupling and Coordination Level between New Infrastructure Investment and Technological Innovation Capability. Science & Technology Progress and Policy. DOI:10.6049/kjjbydc.2022030636 (in Chinese)
  16. Guo, K., Pan, S. & Yan, S. (2020). New Infrastructure Investment and Structural Transformation. Chin Ind Econ. (03),63-80. DOI:10.19581/j.cnki.ciejournal.2020.03.014
  17. He, Y. & Zhao, X. (2021). Does the New Digital Infrastructure Contribute to the Upgrading of Industrial Structure: Evidence from 272 Cities in China. Science & Technology Progress and Policy. (17), 79-86. DOI:10.6049/kjjbydc.2020120317
  18. Hou, Y., Zhang, K., Zhu, Y. & Liu, W. (2021). Spatial and temporal differentiation and influencing factors of environmental governance performance in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Science of The Total Environment. 801, 149699. DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149699
  19. Jiang, W., Fan, J. & Zhang, X. (2020). New Infrastructure” in China: Research on Investment Multiplier and Its Effect. Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. (04), 20-31. DOI:10.15937/j.cnki.issn1001-8263.2020.04.004.
  20. Kaiser, H. F. & Rice, J. (1974). Little jiffy, mark IV. Educational and psychological measurement. 34(1), 111-117. DOI:10.1177/001316447403400115
  21. Kuang, A., Jiang, X. & Chang, Q. (2021). New Infrastructure", Innovation Quality and Digital Economy: Based on the Empirical Study of Chinese Provincial Data. Modern Management Science. (05):99-108. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-368X.2021.05.011 (in Chinese).
  22. Li, H. (2022). Digital New Infrastructure, Spatial Spillover and High-quality Economic Development. Inquiry into Economic Issues. (06): 28-39. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?FileName=JJWS202206003&DbName=DKFX2022
  23. Liu, F. & Su, C. (2021). Theoretical analysis and empirical research on the role of "new infrastructure" in China's high-quality economic development. Shandong Soc. Sci. 35 (04), 121–127. DOI:10.14112/j.cnki.37-1053/c.2021.05.020. (in Chinese).
  24. Liu, H. & Li, Q. (2020). New Infrastructure Accelerates the Transformation and Upgrading of Manufacturing Industry. Contemporary Economic Management. (09),26-31. DOI:10.13253/j.cnki.ddjjgl.2020.09.004.
  25. Luo, S.; Yimamu, N.; Li, Y.; Wu, H.; Irfan, M. & Hao, Y. (2022). Digitalization and sustainable development: How could digital economy development improve green innovation in China?. Business Strategy and the Environment. DOI:10.1002/bse.3223
  26. Lyu, S. & Bi, Y. (2022). New Infrastructure Investment and China's High-quality Economic Development: A Study Based on the Theory of American Social Structures of Accumulation. Shanghai Journal of Economics. (10): 57-67. DOI:10.19626/j.cnki.cn31-1163/f.2022.10.004
  27. Namlu, A. G. & Odabasi, H. F. (2007). Unethical computer using behavior scale: A study of reliability and validity on Turkish university students. Computers & Education. 48(2), 205-215. DOI:10.1016/j.compedu.2004.12.006
  28. Oduro, S., Maccario, G. & De Nisco, A. (2022). Green innovation: a multidomain systematic review. European Journal of Innovation Management. 25(2), 567-591. DOI:10.1108/EJIM-10-2020-0425
  29. Pan, Y. & Gu, H. (2022). The Impact of New Infrastructure Investment on the Transformation and Upgrading of the Service Industry. Reform. (07): 94-105. http://www.reform.net.cn/qkdd/news/2022-7/292_6466.shtml
  30. Rasheed, F. A. & Abadi, M. F. (2014). Impact of service quality, trust and perceived value on customer loyalty in Malaysia services industries. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 164, 298-304. DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.11.080
  31. Rehman, S. U., Kraus, S., Shah, S. A., Khanin, D. & Mahto, R. V. (2021). Analyzing the relationship between green innovation and environmental performance in large manufacturing firms. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 163, 120481. DOI:10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120481
  32. Shang, W. (2020). Effects of New Infrastructure Investment on Labor Productivity: Based on Producer Services Perspective. Nankai Economic Studies. (06),181-200. DOI:10.14116/j.nkes.2020.06.011.
  33. Sheng, K. & Shi, M. (2021). Promoting Industrial Transformation and Upgrading with New Infrastructure Construction. Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute. (02),42-49. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-8860.2021.02.006
  34. Song, D., Li, C. & Li, X. (2021). Does the construction of new infrastructure promote the 'quantity' and 'quality' of green technological innovation-evidence from the national smart city pilot). China population, resources and environment. 31(11):155-164. DOI:10.12062/cpre.20210411 (in Chinese
  35. Takalo, S. K. & Tooranloo, H. S. (2021). Green innovation: A systematic literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 279, 122474. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122474
  36. Wan, G. & Zhang, Y. (2018). The direct and indirect effects of infrastructure on firm productivity: Evidence from Chinese manufacturing. China Economic Review. 49, 143-153. DOI:10.1016/j.chieco.2017.04.010
  37. Wan, S. & Tang, K. (2020). Research on the Mechanism and Path of New Infrastructure to Promote the High-Quality Development of County Economy. Regional Economic Review. (05): 69-75. DOI:10.14017/j.cnki.2095-5766.2020.0090.
  38. Wang, Q. J., Wang, H. J. & Chang, C. P. (2022). Environmental performance, green finance and green innovation: What's the long-run relationships among variables?. Energy Economics. 110, 106004. DOI:10.1016/j.eneco.2022.106004
  39. Wang, W. & Liao, H. (2022). How Will the New Infrastructure Affect the Economic Integration of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area-From the Perspective of Spatial Spillover Effect. Finance & Economics. (08): 93-105. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-8306.2022.08.008
  40. Wang, Z. & Li, E. (2022). How Does Government Spending on Infrastructure Balance Stabilizing Growth and Adjusting Structure—From the Perspective of Production Network. Economic Perspectives. (08), 25-44. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?FileName=JJXD202208003&DbName=CJFQ2022
  41. Wen, C., Tan, J., Hu, Y., Zhao, B. & Li, Y. (2022). Research on Impact of New Infrastructure Construction on Urban Green Transformation in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River: Based on Perspective of Production-Living-Ecological Space. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin. (08),1736-1752. DOI:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj202208009 (in Chinese).
  42. Wen, C., Tan, J., Li, Y. & Zhao, B. (2021). Research on the Emission Reduction Effect and Its Mechanism of New Infrastructure Construction. Journal of Industrial Technological Economics. (12),122-130. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-910X.2021.12.014
  43. Wu, X., Huang, X. & Zhong, P. (2021). Measurement and coupling mechanism of the coupling and coordinated development of new infrastructure construction and strategic emerging industries. Scientia Geographica Sinica. 41(11):1969-1979. DOI:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2021.11.010
  44. Xu, W., Chen, X., Zhou, J., Liu, C. & Zheng, J. (2022). Coupling and Coordination of New and Traditional Infrastructure Construction: Temporal and Spatial Patterns, Regional Differences and Driving Factors. Journal of Industrial Technological Economics. (01),94-103. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-910X.2022.01.012
  45. Yu, P. & Xu, Z. (2023). The Impact of Digital New Infrastructure on the Green Technology Innovation Efficiency of Strategic Emerging Industries. Journal of Industrial Technological Economics. (01),62-70. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-910X.2023.01.008. (in Chinese).
  46. Zhang, H., Geng, C. & Wei, J. (2022). Coordinated development between green finance and environmental performance in China: The spatial-temporal difference and driving factors. Journal of Cleaner Production. 346, 131150. DOI:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131150
  47. Zhang, Q. & Ru, S. (2021). Research on the Path of New Digital Infrastructure to Promote Virtual Agglomeration of Modern Service Industry. Inquiry into Economic Issues. (07): 123-135. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?FileName=JJWS202107013&DbName=DKFX2021
  48. Zhao, X. (2022). Research on the Technology Innovation Effect of New Digital Infrastructure. Statistical Research. (04),80-92. DOI:10.19343/j.cnki.11-1302/c.2022.04.006
  49. Zhu, K., Xiang, G. & Yang, S. (2023). Will Mismatched New Infrastructure Investment Cause Air Pollution Crisis? Environmental Impact Analysis Based on the Coupling Degree of Digital Economy and new Infrastructure Investment. In Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. HARD Publishing Company. DOI:10.15244/pjoes/165910
  50. Zhu, S. He, C. & Liu, Y. (2014). Going green or going away: Environmental regulation, economic geography and firms' strategies in China's pollution-intensive industries. Geoforum. 55, 53-65. DOI:10.1016/j.geoforum.2014.05.004
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Kunjie Zhu
1
Simin Yang
1
  1. Department of Economics and Trade, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Hunan, China.
2 Fuel recovery from plastic and organic wastes with the help of mineralogical catalysts
Mehmet Can Sarıkap , Fatma Hoş Çebi
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2023 | vol. 49 | No 3 | 16-25 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2023.147325
Keywords: Geologic catalyst clinoptilolite organic waste liquid fuel
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Plastics are one of the most widely used materials, and, in most cases, they are designed to have long life spans. Since plastic and packaging waste pollute the environment for many years, their disposal is of great importance for the environment and human health. In this paper, a system was developed to store liquid fuel from plastic and organic waste mixes without solidification, which then can be used as fuel in motor vehicles and construction machinery. For this purpose, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and organic wastes and clay, zeolite, and MCS23-code materials (50% magnetite- %25 calcium oxide- %25 sodium chloride) were heated in a closed medium at temperatures ranging from 300 to400 oC and subsequently re-condensed. The study conducted twenty tests, involving various types and rates of plastic and organic materials, as well as different rates of catalysts. Among these tests, the highest liquid fuel yield (67.47%) was achieved in Test 9, where 50% PVC-50% PET waste, 75 g of clinoptilolite, and 500 g of MCS23 waste were collectively used. Notably, Test 12 exhibited the highest density value (79.8 kg/m3), while the best viscosity value (2.794 mm2/s) was observed in Test 2. Across all samples, flash point values were found to be below 40oC. The most favorable yield point value was recorded in Test 2 (-6oC). The samples displayed ash content within the range of 0 to0.01% (m/m)] and combustion heat values of 35.000> J/g which fall within the standard range. The incorporation of MCS23 with clinoptilolite additives is believed to have a significant impact on obtaining high-yield products with improved fuel properties.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Allende S., Brodie G. & Jacob M.V. (2022) Energy recovery from sugarcane bagasse under varying microwave-assisted pyrolysis conditions, Bioresource Technology Reports, 20, 101283, ISSN 2589-014X, DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2022.101283
  2. Damodharan D., Kumar B.R., Gopal K., De Poures M.V. & Sethuramasamyraja B., (2019). Utilization of waste plastic oil in diesel engines: a review. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology. 18, pp. 681-697. DOI: 10.1007/s11157-019-09516-x
  3. DIN, DIN 51900-2, 2003. Petroleum products – Petroleum products – Determination of Heat of Combustion – Bomb Calorimetry Method, Berlin. DOI: 10.31030/9447973
  4. Dorado C., Mullen C.A. & Boateng A.A., (2014). Origin of carbon in aromatic and olefin products derived from HZSM-5catalyzed co-pyrolysis of cellulose and plastics via isotopic labeling. Applied CatalysisB: Environmental. 162, pp. 338-345. DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.07.006
  5. Erşen T, & Pehlivan D, 2011. High density polyethylene – Co-pyrolysis of wood blends. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi. 26, pp. 607-612.
  6. Kalargaris I., Tian G. & Gu S., (2017). The utilisation of oils produced from plastic waste at different pyrolysis temperatures in a DI diesel engine. Energy. 131, pp. 179-185. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.05.024
  7. Kaminsky W. & Kim J.S., (1999). Pyrolysis of mixed plastics into aromatics. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 51, pp. 127-134. DOI: 10.1016/S01652370(99)00012-1
  8. Kaminsky W., Predel M. & Sadiki A., (2004). Feedstock recycling of polymers by pyrolysis in a fluidised bed. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 85, pp. 1045-1050, 146. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2003.05.002
  9. Kirov N.Y. & Peck M.A. (1970). Characteristics of chars from fluid-bed coal carbonization, Fuel, 49( 4), pp. 375-394. DOI: 10.1016/S0016-2361(70)80003-5.
  10. Krishnamurthy S., Shah Y.T. & Stiegalt G.J. (1980). Pyrolysis of coal liquids, Fuel, 59(11), pp. 738-746. DOI: 10.1016/0016-2361(80)90247-1
  11. Lee D-J., (2022). Gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW) as a cleaner final disposal route: A mini-review. Bioresource Technology. 344, 126217. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126217
  12. Liu B., Han Z., Li J. & Yan B. (2022). Comprehensive evaluation of municipal solid waste power generation and carbon emission potential in Tianjin based on Grey Relation Analysis and Long Short Term Memory. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 168, pp. 918-927. DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2022.10.065
  13. Liu Q., Sheng Y. & Wang Z. (2023). Co-pyrolysis with pine sawdust reduces the environmental risks of copper and zinc in dredged sediment and improves its adsorption capacity for cadmium. Journal of Environmental Management, 334, 117502, DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117502
  14. Mazumdar B.K. & Chatterjee N.N. (1973). Mechanism of coal pyrolysis in relation to industrial practice. Fuel, 52(1), pp. 11-19. DOI: 10.1016/0016-2361(73)90005-7
  15. Ma J., Feng S., Zhang Z., Wang Z., Kong W., Yuan P., Shen B. & Mu L. (2022). Pyrolysis characteristics of biodried products derived from municipal organic wastes: Synergistic effect of bulking agents and modification of biodegradation, Environmental Research. 206, 112300., DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112300
  16. Miranda R., Pakdel H., Roy C. & Vasile C., (2001). Vacuum pyrolysis of commingled plastics containing PVC II. Product analysis. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 73, pp.47-67. DOI: 10.1016/S0141-3910(01)00066-0
  17. Öngen A., Karabag N., Yiğit H.S., Özcan H.K., Elmaslar Ö.E. & Aydın S., (2019). An Assessment of Pyrolysis Process for the Treatment of Agricultural and Forest Wastes. Recyclıng And Reuse Approaches For Better Sustaınabılıty. pp. 97110. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95888-0_9
  18. Öngen A., Özcan H.K. & Elmaslar Ozbas E. (2016). Gasification of biomass and treatment sludge in a fixed bed gasifier. Internatıonal Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol.41(19), 8146-8153. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.159
  19. Öngen A., Özcan H.K., Elmaslar Özbaş, E. & Pangaliyev Y. (2019). Gasification of waste tires in a circulating fixed-bed reactor within the scope of waste to energy. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy,.21,pp. 1281-1291. DOI: 10.1007/s10098-019-01705-0
  20. Özcan H.K., Öngen A. & Pangaliyev Y., (2016). An Experimental Study of Recoverable Products from Waste Tire Pyrolysis. Global Nest Journal. 3, pp. 582-590. DOI: 10.30955/gnj.001907
  21. Pan R. & Debenest G., (2022). Numerical investigation of a novel smoldering-driven reactor for plastic waste pyrolysis. Energy Conversion and Management, 257, 115439.DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115439.
  22. Pan R., Martins M.F. & Debenest G., (2022). Optimization of oil production through ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of waste polyethylene with activated carbon. Energy, 248, 123514. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.123514
  23. Pan R., Lougou B. G., Shuai Y. & Debenest G. (2023). A multidimensional numeric study on smoldering-driven pyrolysis of waste polypropylene. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 172, pp. 305-316. DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2023.02.018
  24. Papari S., Bamdad H. & Berruti F. (2021). Pyrolytic conversion of plastic waste to value-added products and fuels: A Review. Materials. 14(10), 2586. DOI: 10.3390/ma14102586
  25. Pinto F., Costa P., Gülyurtlu I. & Cabrita I. (1999). Pyrolysis of plastic wastes. 1. Effect of plastic waste composition on product yield. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 51, pp. 39-55. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-2370(99)00007-8
  26. Saliba M., Frantzi S. & Beukering P. (2022). Shipping spills and plastic pollution: A review of maritime governance in the North Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 181, 113939, DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113939
  27. Schafer H.N.S. (1979). Pyrolysis of brown coals. 2. Decomposition of acidic groups on heating in the range 100–900 °C. Fuel, 58(9), pp. 673-679. DOI: 10.1016/0016-2361(79)90222-9
  28. Sharma B.K., Moser B.R., Vermillion K.E., Doll K.M. & Rajagopalan N. (2014). Production, characterization and fuel properties of alternative diesel fuel from pyrolysis of waste plastic grocery bags. Fuel Processing Technology. 122, pp. 79-90. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.01.019
  29. Sogancioglu M., Ahmetli G. & Yel E. (2017). A Comparative Study on Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Liquid Products Quantity and Energy Recovery Potential. Energy Procedia, 118, pp.221-226. DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.020
  30. TS, TS 1233 ISO 3016, (1997). Petroleum products-Determination of pour point, Ankara. https://intweb.tse.org.tr/Standard/Standard/Standard.aspx?081118051115108051104119110104055047105102120088111043113104073081055057051113111083082048090121
  31. TS, TS 1451 EN ISO 3104, (1999). Petroleum products-Transparent and opaque liquids-Kinematic viscosity determination and calculation of dynamic viscosity, Ankara. https://intweb.tse.org.tr/Standard/Standard/Standard.aspx?081118051115108051104119110104055047105102120088111043113104073083077102090084083076053089099056
  32. TS, TS 6147 EN ISO 12937, (2002). Petroleum products- Water determination- Calometric Karl fischer titration method, Ankara. https://intweb.tse.org.tr/Standard/Standard/Standard.aspx?081118051115108051104119110104055047105102120088111043113104073081107087097053098049101074085051
  33. TS, TS EN ISO 12185, (2007). Crude oil and petroleum products- Density determination - oscillating u-Tube method, Ankara. https://intweb.tse.org.tr/Standard/Standard/Standard.aspx?081118051115108051104119110104055047105102120088111043113104073087088047079051101109088047113066
  34. TS, TS EN ISO 2719, (2016). Petroleum products and lubricants - Determination of flash point - Pensky Martens closed cup method, Ankara. https://intweb.tse.org.tr/Standard/Standard/Standard.aspx?081118051115108051104119110104055047105102120088111043113104073082090086090075081118122084111048
  35. TS, TS EN ISO 6245, (2006). Petroleum products – Ash determination, Ankara. https://intweb.tse.org.tr/Standard/Standard/Standard.aspx?081118051115108051104119110104055047105102120088111043113104073084090047056119107056057109067090)
  36. Williams P.T. & Williams E.A. (1999). Interaction of Plastics in Mixed-Plastics Pyrolysis. Energy & Fuels.13, pp. 188-196. DOI:10.1021/ef980163x
  37. Williams P.T. & Slaney E. (2007). Analysis of products from the pyrolysis and liquefaction of single plastics and waste plastic mixtures. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 51, pp. 754-769. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.12.002
  38. Varank G., Öngen A., Guvenc S. Y., Ozcan H. K., Ozbas E. & Guven E.C. (2022). Modeling and optimization of syngas production from biomass gasification. International Journal of Envıronmental Science and Technology, 19(4), pp. 3345-3358. DOI: 10.1007/s13762-021-03374-3
  39. Vinti G., Bauza V., Clasen T., Tudor T., Zurbrügg C. & Vaccari M. (2023). Health risks of solid waste management practices in rural Ghana: A semi-quantitative approach toward a solid waste safety plan. Environmental Research, 216(3), 114728. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114728
  40. Zhang C., Hu M., Maio F., Sprecher B., Yang X. & Tukker A. (2022). An overview of the waste hierarchy framework for analyzing the circularity in construction and demolition waste management in Europe. Science of The Total Environment, 803, 149892. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149892 .
  41. Zhang J., Jin J., Wang M., Naidu R., Liu Y., Man Y.B., Liang X., Wong M.H., Christie P., Zhang Y., Song C. & Shan S. (2020). Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and rice husk/ bamboo sawdust for biochar with high aromaticity and low metal mobility. Environmental Research, 191, 110034. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110034
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Mehmet Can Sarıkap
1
Fatma Hoş Çebi
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Turkey
  2. Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey
3 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of slags from zinc and lead metallurgy
Milena Nocoń , Irena Korus , Krzysztof Loska
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2023 | vol. 49 | No 3 | 26-37 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2023.147326
Keywords: Heavy metal-containing slags BCR sequential extraction zinc and lead metallurgy AAS
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The zinc and lead industry generates substantial quantities of waste. Among the many types of wastes, such as dust or liquid, a large proportion are solid waste such as slags. The purpose of the study was the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the short rotary kiln slags and slags deposited in a hazardous waste landfill originating from zinc and lead metallurgy. This assessment represents the primary step in evaluating materials such as slags concerning their potential for substantial applications, such as process for metal separation. Additionally, this evaluation forms the basis for a comprehensive environmental study. The concentrations of the four predominant metals – Fe>Pb>Zn>Cu – and accompanying elements – Na>Ca>K>Ni>Mn>Cr – were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) after aqua regia digestion. A large variation was found in the phase analysis of the studied materials based on SEM, XRD, X-ray microanalysis, and BCR sequential extraction. The BCR analysis revealed the occurrence of major metals in four different fractions: acid-soluble, reducible, oxidizable, and residual. Pb was mainly present in the acid-soluble fraction, while Fe, Cu, and Zn were present in the residual fraction.
Go to article

Bibliography

  1. Alan, M. and D. Kara (2019). Comparison of a new sequential extraction method and the BCR sequential extraction method for mobility assessment of elements around boron mines in Turkey, Talanta, 194, pp. 189-198. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.030.
  2. Baczewska, A. H., W. Dmuchowski, B. Gworek, P. Dąbrowski and P. Brągoszewska (2016). Comparison of bioindication methods for assessing the level of air pollution with heavy metals in Warsaw, Przemysł Chemiczny, 95/3, pp. 334-338. DOI: 10.15199/62.2016.3.1.
  3. Bernasowski, M., A. Klimczyk and R. Stachura (2017). Overview of Zinc Production in Imperial Smelting Process. Iron and Steelmaking Conference 4-6.10.2017, Horní Bečva, Česká republika.
  4. Briffa, J., E. Sinagra and R. Blundell (2020). Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans, Heliyon, 6, 9, pp. 1-26. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04691.
  5. Cabała, J. (2009). Heavy metals in the soil environment of Olkusz Zn-Pb ore mining regions. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego Katowice 2009 (in Polish)
  6. Chao-Yin, K., W. Chung-Hsin and L. Shang-Lien (2005). Removal of copper from industrial sludge by traditional and microwave acid extraction, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 120, 1-3, pp. 249-256. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.01.013.
  7. Dan Chen, Wing Yin Aua, A. R. Stijn van Ewijk and J. Stegemann (2021). Elemental and mineralogical composition of metal-bearing neutralisation sludges and zinc speciation – A review, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 416, 2. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125676.
  8. Ettler, V., F. Bodenan and O. Legendre (2001). Primary phases and natural weathering of old lead-zind pyrometallurgical slag from Pribram, Czech Republic, The Canadian Mineralogist, 39, pp. 873-888. DOI: 10.2113/gscanmin.39.3.873.
  9. Gao, H., G. F. Koopmans, J. Song, J. E. Groenenberg, X. Liu, R. N. J. Comans and L. Weng (2022). Evaluation of heavy metal availability in soils near former zinc smelters by chemical extractions and geochemical modelling, Geoderma, 423. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.115970.
  10. Herreweghe, S. V., R. Swennen, C. Vandecasteele and V. Cappuyns (2003). Solid phase speciation of arsenic by sequential extraction in standard reference materials and industrially contaminated soil samples, Environmental Pollution, 122, pp. 323-342. DOI: 10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00332-9.
  11. Izydorczyk, G., K. Mikula, D. Skrzypczak, K. Moustakas, A. Witek-Krowiak and K. Chojnacka (2021). Potential environmental pollution from copper metallurgy and methods of management, Environmental Research, 197, pp. 1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111050.
  12. Jin, Z., T. Liu, Y. Yang and D. Jackson (2014). Leaching of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, and zinc from two slag dumps with different environmental exposure periods under dynamic acidic condition, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 104, pp. 43-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.02.003.
  13. Jonczy, I., M. Kamińska, B. Chwedorowicz and B. Kowalski (2017). The use of X-ray Spectral Analysis in Microareas in the determination of elements accompanying minerals of Zinc-Lead Ores from the Klucze I deposit. Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji Górnictwo Zrównoważonego Rozwoju 2016, P. A. Nova. (in Polish)
  14. Ke, W., J. Zeng, F. Zhu, X. Luo, J. Feng, J. He and S. Xue (2022). Geochemical partitioning and spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils contaminated by lead smelting, Environmental Pollution, 307, pp. 1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119586.
  15. Król, A., K. Mizerna and M. Bożym (2020). An assessment of pH-dependent release and mobility of heavy metals from metallurgical slag, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 384, 121502, pp. 1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121502.
  16. Kruk, M. (2022). Comparison of digestion methods of slag samples from zinc and lead industry to identify the content of selected metals. ArchaeGraph. Łódź 2022 (in Polish)
  17. Lestari, F. Budiyanto and D. Hindarti (2018). Speciation of heavy metals Cu, Ni and Zn by modified BCR sequential extraction procedure in sediments from Banten Bay, Banten Province, Indonesia, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 118, 1, pp. 1-7. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/118/1/012059.
  18. Li, L., Y. Zhang, J. A. Ippolito, W. Xing, K. Qiu and H. Yang (2020). Lead smelting effects heavy metal concentrations in soils, wheat, and potentially humans, Environmental Pollution, 257, pp. 1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.11361.
  19. Li, Y., I. Perederiy and V. G. Papangelakis (2008). Cleaning of waste smelter slags and recovery of valuable metals by pressure oxidative leaching, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 152, pp. 607-615. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.07.052.
  20. Luo, S., S. Zhao, P. Zhang, J. Li, X. Huang, B. Jiao and D. Li (2022). Co-disposal of MSWI fly ash and lead–zinc smelting slag through alkali-activation technology, Construction and Building Materials, 327, pp. 1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127006.
  21. Margui, V. Salvado, I. Queralt and M. Hidalgo (2004). Comparison of three-stage sequential extraction and toxicity characteristic leaching tests to evaluate metal mobility in mining wastes, Analytica Chimica Acta, 524, pp. 151-159. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.05.043.
  22. Nowińska, K. and Z. Adamczyk (2013). The mobility of accompanying elements to wastes from metallurgy of the zinc and the leadon in the environment, Górnictwo i Geologia, T. 8, z. 1, pp. 77-87. (in Polish)
  23. Nowińska, K. and Z. Adamczyk (2017). Slags of the Imperial Smelting Process for Zn and Pb production, Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, pp. 1-5. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.03607-9.
  24. Pan, D. a., L. Li, X. Tian, Y. Wu, N. Cheng and H. Yu (2019). A review on lead slag generation, characteristic, and utilization, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 146, pp. 140-155. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.03.036.
  25. Patle, A., R. Kurrey, M. K. Deb, T. K. Patle, D. Sinha and K. Shrivas (2022). Analytical approaches on some selected toxic heavy metals in the environment and their socio-environmental impacts: A meticulous review, Journal of the Idian Chemical Society, 99, pp. 1-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100545.
  26. Rauret, G., J. Lopez-Sanchez, D. Luck, M. Yli-Halia, H. Muntau and P. Quevauviller (2001). EUR 19775 EN. E. Commission. Belgium.
  27. Rauret, G., J. F. Lopez-Sanchez, A. Sahuquillo, R. Rubio, C. Davidson, A. Ure and P. Quevauviller (1999). Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials, Journal of Environmental Monitoring,1, pp. 57-61. DOI: 10.1039/a807854h
  28. Różański, S. (2013). Fractionation of selected heavy metals in agricultural soils, Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S, 20, 1, pp. 117-125. DOI: 10.2478/eces-2013-0009.
  29. Seignez, N., D. Bulteel, D. Damidot, A. Gauthier and J.-L. Potdevin (2006). Weathering of metallurgical slag heaps: multi-experimental approach of the chemical behaviours of lead and zinc, Waste Management and the Environment III, 92, pp. 31-40. DOI: 10.2495/WM060041.
  30. Singh, A. and M. K. Chandel (2022). Mobility and environmental fate of heavy metals in fine fraction of dumped legacy waste: Implications on reclamation and ecological risk, Journal of Environmental Management, 304, pp. 1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114206.
  31. Singh, G., S. Das, A. A. Ahmed, S. Saha and S. Karmakar (2015). Study of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as Fine Aggregates in Concrete for Sustainable Infrastructure, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, pp. 2272-2279. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.316.
  32. Sobanska, S., D. Deneele, Barbillat and B. A. Ledesert (2016). Natural weathering of slags from primary Pb-Zn smelting as evidenced by Raman microspectroscopy, Applied Geochemistry, 64, pp. 107-117. DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.09.011.
  33. Tlustos, P., J. Szakova, A. Starkova and D. Pavlikova (2005). A comparison of sequential extraction procedures for fractionation of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc in soil, Central European Journal of Chemistry, 3, 4, pp. 830-851. DOI: 10.2478/BF02475207.
  34. Wali, A., G. Colinet and M. Ksibi (2014). Speciation of Heavy Metals by Modified BCR Sequential Extraction in Soils Contaminated by Phosphogypsum in Sfax, Tunisia, Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, 4, 70, pp. 14-26. DOI: 10.5755/j01.erem.70.4.7807.
  35. Wang, J., Y. Jiang, J. Sun, J. She, M. Yin, F. Fang, T. Xiao, G. Song and J. Liu (2020). Geochemical transfer of cadmium in river sediments near a lead-zinc smelter, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 196, pp. 1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110529.
  36. Warchulski, R. and K. Szopa (2014). Phase composition of Katowice – Wełnowiec pytometallurgical slags: preliminary SEM study, Contemporary Trends in Geoscience, 3, pp. 76-81. DOI: 10.2478/ctg-2014-0025.
  37. Xu, D.-M., R.-B. Fu, Y.-H. Tong, D.-L. Shen and X.-P. Guo (2021). The potential environment risk implications of heavy metals based on their geochemical and mineralogical characteristic in the size-segregated zinc smelting slags, Journal of Cleaner Production, 315, pp. 1-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.jelepro.2021.128199.
  38. Yin, N.-H., Y. Sivry, F. Guyou, P. N. L. Lens and E. D. v. Hullebusch (2016). Evaluation on chemical stability of lead blast furnance (LBF) and imperial smelting furnance (ISF) slags, Journal of Environmental Management, 180, pp. 310-323. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.052.
  39. Zemberyova, M., J. Bartekova and I. Hagarova (2006). The utilization of modified BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure for the fractionation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in soil reference materials of different origins, Talanta, 70, pp. 973-978. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.05.057.
  40. Zhang, S., N. Zhu, W. Shen, X. Wei, F. Li, W. Ma, F. Mao and P. Wu (2022). Relationship between mineralogical phase and bound heavy metals in copper smelting slags, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 178, pp. 1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.106098.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Milena Nocoń
1
Irena Korus
1
Krzysztof Loska
1
  1. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, Poland