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Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Description
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials is a quarterly of Polish Academy of Sciences and Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, which publishes original scientific papers and reviews in the fields of metallurgy and materials science. Papers with focus on synthesis, processing and properties of metal materials, including thermodynamic and physical properties, phase relations, and their relation to microstructure of materials are of particular interest.

IMPACT FACTOR 2024: 0.70

CiteScore 2024 - 1,30

SNIP 2024 - 0,485

SJR 2023 - 0,235

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Score of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education = 40



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ISSN
e-ISSN 2300-1909
Publishers
Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences, Committee of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy of Polish Academy of Sciences

EDITORIAL  BOARD

Editor-in-Chief:

Maciej Szczerba, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Poland

 

Editors:

Piotr Bała, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland

Paweł Czaja, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Poland

Przemysław Fima, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Poland

Krzysztof Fitzner, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland

Marek Kopyto, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Poland

Bogusław Major, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Poland

Marcin Nabiałek, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland

Romana Ewa Śliwa, Rzeszow Univesity of Technology, Poland

Wojciech Święszkowski, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Anna Wierzbicka-Miernik, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Poland

Paweł Zięba, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Poland

 

Editorial Advisory Board

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, University of Malaysia

Leszek Blacha, Silesian University of Technology, Poland

Zbigniew Bojar, Military University of Technology, Poland

Eduardo Cesari, University of the Balearic Islands , Spain

Kyu Rhee Chang, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Korea

Volodymyr Chernenko, Basque Center For Materials, Spain

Jan Dusza, Institute of Materials Research, SAS, Slovakia

Władysław Gąsior, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Poland

Volodymyr Golub, Institute of Magnetism NASU, Ukraine

Zbigniew Gronostajski, Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland

Edward Guzik, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland

George Kaptay, Research Institute on Nanotechnology, Hungary

Alexandre Kodentsov, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands

Rafał Kozubski, Jagiellonian University, Poland

Aleš Kroupa, Institute of Physics of Materials AS CR, Czech Republic

Piotr Kula, Lodz University of Technology, Poland

Jan Kusiński, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland

Roman Kuziak, Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy, Poland

Jüergen Lackner, Laser Center Leoben, Joanneum Research, Austria

Kee Ahn Lee, Inha University, Korea

Marcin Leonowicz, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Małgorzata Lewandowska, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Jerzy Lis, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland

Viktor Lvov, Kyiv National University, Ukraine

Leszek B. Magalas, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland

Graeme E. Murch, University of Newcastle, Australia

Alberto Passerone, Institute of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Italy

Sudipta Seal, University of Central Florida, United States of America

Eugen Rabkin, Technion Israel Institute of  Technology, Israel

Amir Shirzadi, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

Jerzy Sobczak, Foundry Research Institute, Poland

Natalia Sobczak, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Poland

Pekka Taskinen, Aalto University, Finland

Stefan Zaefferer,  Max-Planck-Institut, Germany

Ehrenfried Zschech, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany

 

Board of Review 

Janusz Adamiec, Marek Blicharski, Marcin Brzeziński, Ryszard Dąbrowski, Stanisław Dymek, Robert Filipek, Franciszek Grosman, Halina Garbacz, Sebastian Garus, Marcin Górny, Adam Grajcar, Marek Hetmańczyk, Jarosław Jakubski, Mieczysław Jurczyk, Agnieszka Kopia, Marian Kucharski, Beata Leszczyńska-Madej, Marcin Leonowicz, Łukasz Madej, Piotr Migas, Maciej Motyka, Jerzy Pacyna, Zbigniew Pędzich, Łukasz Rauch, Kinga Rodak, Maria Sozańska, Tomasz Tański, Krzysztof Wierzbanowski, Joanna Wojewoda-Budka, Waldemar Wołczyński, Piotr Żabiński

 

Editorial address:



Assistant Editor:

Marta Bitner

Strata Mechanics Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, 27 Reymonta Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland

tel. +48 (012) 637 62 00 w. 58,

e-mail: archiwum4@wp.pl, amm@imim.pl


Open access policy

Archive of Metallurgy and Materials is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.
Articles are printed in an open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC- BY 4.0),


The Journal license is: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en.
This license allows others to distribute, remix, modify, and build upon the author's work, even commercially, as long as the original work is attributed to the author.

Under the CC BY 4.0 license, the copyright holder is the author, who grants a general, non-exclusive license allowing others to freely use the work, provided that the author and the license name are cited, even for commercial purposes. Authorship rights are inalienable and protected, hence the requirement for attribution.

In summary: the owner is the creator.

Sharing publishing rights Under the CC BY 4.0 license, publishing rights are very broad: the licensee can copy, distribute, remix, modify the work, and create derivative works based on it (even commercially), under the sole condition of attribution (BY), meaning the author is indicated in a specific manner, guaranteeing the greatest freedom of use.

In summary: CC BY 4.0 is the most permissive license, providing the most freedom (especially commercial), requiring only basic respect for copyright by attributing the creator.

 

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Content

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4

1 New Ray on Remediation of High Rings Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Remediation of Raw Petroleum Sludge Using Solidification and Stabilization Method
Noor Faiza Roslee , Nor Amani Filzah Mohd Kamil , Aeslina Abdul Kadir , Abdul Rahim Jalil , Nurhidayah Hamzah , Norazian Mohamed Noor , Andrei Victor Sandu
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1201-1208 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141043
Keywords: remediation solidification/stabilization organic contaminant hazardous waste
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Abstract

Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) method with cement as a binder to remediate metals in petroleum sludge has been successfully proven. However, this technique has not yet been explored to remediate organic contaminants since a high concentration of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) was also detected in the sludge. This study focuses on remediating 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds in raw petroleum sludge with Portland cement as a binder using the S/S method. The initial concentration of 16 PAHs in the raw sludge was first measured before the performance of the S/S method to remediate the PAHs were evaluated. The S/S matrices were tested for leaching behavior and strength after 7 and 28 days by air curing. The leaching test was measured using the Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and the remaining PAHs concentration in the matrices was analyzed using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). In the raw sludge, all 16 PAHs compounds were below the standard limit except for Benzo(a)anthracene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Dibenzo(ah)anthracene, and Indeno(1,2,3- cd_ pyrene), which are considered as high rings PAHs. The high rings PAHs show lower concentration in leachate than low rings PAHs, which indicates the potential of the S/S method in remediating high rings PAHs. The high sludge ratio in S/S matrices has shown that the percentage strength is increasing, similar to Portland cement. Therefore, this study contributed to the possibility of the S/S method in the remediation of PAHs in petroleum sludge by using only Portland cement as a binder.
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Authors and Affiliations

Noor Faiza Roslee
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nor Amani Filzah Mohd Kamil
1
ORCID: ORCID
Aeslina Abdul Kadir
2
ORCID: ORCID
Abdul Rahim Jalil
3
ORCID: ORCID
Nurhidayah Hamzah
4
ORCID: ORCID
Norazian Mohamed Noor
5
ORCID: ORCID
Andrei Victor Sandu
6
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Universiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia, Micro Pollutant Research Centre, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
  3. Pengerang Refining Company Sdn. Bhd. 81600 Pengerang, Johor Malaysia
  4. Universiti Teknologi MARA Department of Water Resource and Environmental System, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
  5. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, 01000 Perlis Malaysia
  6. "Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, 700050 lasi, Romania
2 Effect of Tin Addition on the Degradability and Corrosion Properties of a New Zn-1.0 wt.% Mg Alloy
Zhouling Long , Haiyang Lang , Jun Ou
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1209-1216 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141044
Keywords: Zn-1Mg alloy mechanical and corrosion properties degradability hemolysis rate
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Abstract

In this study, to investigate effects of tin addition on the microstructures and corrosion properties, Zn-1Mg-xSn (x = 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 wt.%) ternary zinc alloys were prepared. The experimental results indicated that the Zn-1Mg-2.0 wt.% Sn alloy has the better mechanical properties compared with pure zinc and Zn-1Mg alloy. The tensile strength of the alloy material is 173.2±3.7 MPa, the yield strength is 120.7±2.4 MPa, the elongation is 5.64±0.08% and the hardness is 76.9±0.8 HV. The average degradation rate of the alloys immersion in SBF solution for 60 days is 0.16±0.03 mm/year, and the Zn-1Mg-2.0 wt.% Sn alloy hemolysis rate is only 0.81±0.02%. It is confirmed that the addition of tin is effective to improve the mechanical properties and degradation of Zn-1Mg alloy. It may be a candidate of the clinical application requirements of the degradable implant materials in orthopedics.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zhouling Long
1
ORCID: ORCID
Haiyang Lang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jun Ou
2 3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, China
  2. Guilin University of Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering / Dental Clinic and Experimental Center of Medical Sciences, 12 Jianganroad, Guilin, 541004, Guilin, China
  3. Guilin Medical University, Experimental Center of Medical Sciences, 26, Huanchen Road Guilin, 541002, Guilin, China
3 Synthesis and Characterization of Bioceramics Reinforced Aluminium Matrix Composites
V. Bhuvaneswari , L. Rajeshkumar , R. Saravanakumar , D. Balaji
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1217-1226 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141045
Keywords: metal matrix composites bioceramics hardness compressive strength wear rate
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Abstract

Current work attempts to fabricate aluminium alloy AA2219 metal matrix composite (AMC) reinforced with natural bio-based sea shell powder (SSP) which is a ceramic material, in view of improving the mechanical and tribological properties. SSP was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to assess its chemical constituents and particle size. Stir casting route was adopted for fabricating AMCs reinforced with 1, 2 and 3 wt. % of SSP. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to analyse the formation of secondary elements during casting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used analyze the surface morphology of the composite specimen before and after tribological tests. Hardness, Compressive strength and tribological properties were evaluated using appropriate tests and corresponding ASTM standards. Characterization methods revealed that the formation of secondary elements was very low at 3 wt. % of SSP when compared with other compositions. Hardness and compressive strength was found to be maximum for 3 wt. % of SSP while the specific wear rate and coefficient of friction values were found to be lesser for the same composite when compared with the unreinforced alloy and were on par with the AA2219 composites containing synthetic reinforcements.
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Authors and Affiliations

V. Bhuvaneswari
1
ORCID: ORCID
L. Rajeshkumar
1
ORCID: ORCID
R. Saravanakumar
2
D. Balaji
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coimbatore – 641407, Tamilnadu, India
  2. VSB College of Engineering and Technical Campus, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coimbatore – 642109, Tamilnadu, India
4 The Melting and the Debye Temperature of for BCC and FCC Metals Under Pressure: A Calculation from the Statistical Moment Method
Nguyen Quang Hoc , Bui Duc Tinh , Nguyen Duc Hien
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1227-1234 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141046
Keywords: statistical moment method defective and perfect cubic metals and Debye temperature
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Abstract

We build the melting theory and the theory of the Debye temperature for defective and perfect cubic metals mainly based on the statistical moment method. Our theoretical results are applied to metals Ni, Pd and Pt. Our calculations of melting temperatures agree well with experiments and other calculations. Our other calculations are highly reliable.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nguyen Quang Hoc
1
Bui Duc Tinh
1
Nguyen Duc Hien
2
  1. Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Hanoi, Vietnam
  2. Mac Dinh Chi High School, Chu Pah district, Gia Lai province, Vietnam
5 The Influence of Process Parameters on the Mechanical Behavior of a Composite Material Made from Mixed Plastic Wastes
M.A. Platon , O. Nemeș , A.-E. Tiuc , C. Vilău , C.M. Dudescu , S. Pădurețu
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1235-1241 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141047
Keywords: mixed waste waste recycling sustainability
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Abstract

Accordingly with the principles of the circular economy, mixed plastic wastes can be recycled also by thermoforming, getting new non-oriented fibers composite materials. This study highlights the mechanical behavior of new composite material plates containing recycled glass fibers as reinforcing element and ABS-PMMA mixture as matrix, as well as an efficient way to convert a manufacturing process wastes in a product. The mechanical behavior of new composite material plates was evidenced by tensile, flexural and compression tests. In addition a surface morphology analysis was performed.
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Authors and Affiliations

M.A. Platon
1
ORCID: ORCID
O. Nemeș
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
A.-E. Tiuc
1
ORCID: ORCID
C. Vilău
3
ORCID: ORCID
C.M. Dudescu
3
ORCID: ORCID
S. Pădurețu
4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, 28 Memorandumului Street, 400114, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  2. National Institute for Research and Development in Environmental Protection, 294 Blvd. Splaiul Independentei, Sector 6, 060031, Bucharest, Romania
  3. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Automotive, Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, 28 Memorandumului Street, 400114, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  4. Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Machine Building, 28 Memorandumului Street, 400114, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
6 Analysis of the Corrosion Rate of FeMn-Si Biodegradable Material
A.-M. Roman , R. Chelariu , R. Cimpoesu , I. Stirbu , I. Ionita , M.M. Cazacu , B.A. Prisecariu , N. Cimpoesu , P. Pietrusiewicz , A. Sodor
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1243-1250 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141048
Keywords: biodegradable Fe-Mn alloy Degradation Rate
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Abstract

The Fe-based alloy with manganese led to the appearance of new austenitic alloys, with the antiferromagnetic property pursued, resulting in compatibility with the magnetic field as that of magnetic resonance imaging. The corrosion resistance behavior of the biodegradable Fe-Mn-Si alloy was analyzed in a thermostatic chamber at 37±1°C for 24, 48 and 72 hours by immersing in Ringer solution. Also, the cast and laminated samples were subjected to electro-corrosion tests using a potentiostat equipment. Linear and cyclic potentiometry is presented for characterize the corrosion behavior of the experimental samples in electrolyte. Due to the interaction between the alloy and the liquid medium a change in the solution pH was observed. Structure analysis and chemical composition details of the surfaces were obtained using electron scanning microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).
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Authors and Affiliations

A.-M. Roman
1
ORCID: ORCID
R. Chelariu
1
ORCID: ORCID
R. Cimpoesu
1
ORCID: ORCID
I. Stirbu
1
ORCID: ORCID
I. Ionita
1
ORCID: ORCID
M.M. Cazacu
2
ORCID: ORCID
B.A. Prisecariu
3
ORCID: ORCID
N. Cimpoesu
3
ORCID: ORCID
P. Pietrusiewicz
4
ORCID: ORCID
A. Sodor
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Prof.dr.doc. D. Mangeron no. 41 Street, 700050 Iasi, Romania
  2. “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Department of Physics, 700050 Iasi, Romania
  3. “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 16 Univ. Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
  4. Częstochowa University of Technology, Department of Physics , 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
7 Obtaining and Analysis of a New Aluminium Bronze Material Using Induction Furnace
R.G Chelariu , N. Cimpoeșu , T.I. Birnoveanu , B. Istrate , C. Baciu , C. Bejinariu
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1251-1257 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141049
Keywords: aluminum bronze non-sparking alloy SEM EDS Tafel
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Abstract

Copper-based alloys with the addition of Al present excellent properties and can be considered a proper choice for applications as contact materials based on their good strength and fret resistance. Cu-Al alloys are used in different systems parts as bearings, gears and worm gears. The intention is to replace steel materials with new copper-based materials for parts that work in a possible explosive environment to reduce the possibility of spark appearance. Copper-berilyum alloys are known as non-sparking alloys and are used in different tools obtaining for environments with possible explosive gaseous. Results from the obtaining and analysis of a new alloy based on CuAlBe are given. The material was melted in a vacuum induction furnace from CuBe master alloy and high purity aluminium and cast into a metallic die. The alloys obtained were analyzed using EDS – energy dispersive spectroscopy for chemical composition, OM-optical and SEM-electronic microscopy for the microstructure, and the electro-corrosion resistance was tested using linear Tafel diagram and cyclic potentiometry.
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Authors and Affiliations

R.G Chelariu
1
ORCID: ORCID
N. Cimpoeșu
1
ORCID: ORCID
T.I. Birnoveanu
1
ORCID: ORCID
B. Istrate
2
ORCID: ORCID
C. Baciu
1
ORCID: ORCID
C. Bejinariu
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. “Gheorghe Asachi” University of Iasi, Faculty of Materials Science Engineering, Prof.dr.doc. D. Mangeron Street, no. 41, Iași 700050, Romania
  2. “Gheorghe Asachi” University of Iasi, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Prof.dr.doc. D. Mangeron Street, No. 61-63, Iași 700050, Romania
8 Mechanical Properties and Toxicity Characteristic of Petroleum Sludge Incorporated with Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Quarry Dust in Solidification/Stabilization Matrices
Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem Hassan , Aeslina Abdul Kadir , Nor Amani Filzah Mohd Kamil , Nurul Nabila Huda Hashar , Noor Amira Sarani , Badaruddin Ibrahim , Kahirol Mohd Salleh , Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1259-1266 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141050
Keywords: petroleum sludge solidification/stabilization palm oil fuel ash quarry dust waste utilization
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Authors and Affiliations

Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem Hassan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Aeslina Abdul Kadir
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Nor Amani Filzah Mohd Kamil
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nurul Nabila Huda Hashar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Noor Amira Sarani
1
ORCID: ORCID
Badaruddin Ibrahim
3
ORCID: ORCID
Kahirol Mohd Salleh
3
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
4 2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Center of Excellent Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Malaysia
  3. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Faculty of Technical and Vocational Education, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
  4. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Engineering Technology (FETech), 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
9 Laser Welding of TA15 Titanium Alloy and Inconel 718 Dissimilar Metals
Qi An , Dongting Wu , Peng Liu , Yong Zou
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1267-1276 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141051
Keywords: TA15 titanium alloy Inconel 718 nickel-based alloy laser welding microstructure tensile strength and fracture characteristic
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Abstract

This paper studied the effect of laser welding technology on dissimilar metal welding joints of TA15 titanium alloy and Inconel 718 nickel-based alloy. The research results indicate that the laser welding of TA15 titanium alloy and Inconel 718 nickel-based alloy directly was difficult to form well, which due to the intermetallic compounds caused the joint brittle. When the pure Cu foil was used as the filling layer, the quality of the welding joints can be improved effectively. The experimental results also indicate that there were brittle intermetallic-compounds in the laser welding seam, and the laser power had an important influence on the performance and mechanical properties of the dissimilar metal joint. The maximum average tensile strength of the welding joint of 2300 W was increased to 252.32 MPa. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) results show that the fracture morphology was river pattern, a typical morphological of cleavage fracture, and the mode was brittle fracture.
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Authors and Affiliations

Qi An
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Dongting Wu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Peng Liu
3
ORCID: ORCID
Yong Zou
4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Shandong University, Key Laboratory of Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250061, China
  2. Shandong University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan, 250061, China
  3. Shandong Jianzhu University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan, 250101, China
  4. Shandong University, Jinan Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Modern Welding, 250061, China
10 Silica Bonding Reaction on Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Repair Material System with Incorporation of Various Concrete Substrates
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Ikmal Hakem A. Aziz , Warid Wazien Ahmad Zailani , Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim , Heah Cheng Yong , Andrei Victor Sandu , Loke Siu Peng
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1277-1281 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141052
Keywords: fly ash geopolymer repair material concrete substrate interfacial zone transition
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Abstract

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the mechanical properties and microstructure of geopolymer repair materials mixed using fly ash (FA) and concrete substrates. An optimal combination of FA and concrete substrate was determined using the compressive test of geopolymer mortar mixed with various concrete substrate classes. It was found that the contribution of (C35/45) concrete substrates with the FA geopolymer mortar increases the 28-day bonding strength by 25.74 MPa. The microstructure analysis of the samples using scanning electron microscopy showed the denser structure owing to the availability of high calcium and iron elements distribution. These metal cations (Ca2+ and Fe3+) are available at OPC concrete substrate as a result from the hydration process reacted with alumina-silica sources of FA and formed calcium aluminate silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) gels and Fe-bonding linkages.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Ikmal Hakem A. Aziz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Warid Wazien Ahmad Zailani
3
ORCID: ORCID
Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Heah Cheng Yong
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Andrei Victor Sandu
4
ORCID: ORCID
Loke Siu Peng
1
  1. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
  4. “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Romania
11 The Effect of Power Ultrasound on Microstructure Evolution During the Transient Liquid Stage of Ultrasonic-Promoted TLP Bonding SiCp/Al MMCs
Changzhuang Zhou , Lin Ma , Chao Zhu , Qinghe Cui , Jindi Liang , Yujian Song
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1283-1291 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141053
Keywords: Transient liquid phase bonding Silicon carbide reinforced aluminum matrix composites ultrasonics Zinc interlayer
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Abstract

Ultrasound-promoted transient liquid phase bonding (U-TLP) is a high quality, high efficiency, and low-cost method for fast bonding of difficult-wetting materials in the atmospheric environment. In this paper, U-TLP was used to bond SiC particles reinforced aluminium-based metal matrix composite which particle volume fraction was 70%. The pure zinc foil was used as the intermediate layer. The effects of ultrasonic on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of joints during the transient liquefaction stage were investigated. The mechanism of ultrasonic effects in the transient liquefaction stage of U-TLP was also inducted. The results showed that high volume fraction SiCp/Al MMCs were bonded well at low temperature in the air environment. Ultrasonic vibration can remove the oxide film on the surface of aluminum matrix composites, enhance the wettability of SiC particles with weld metal, promote atomic diffusion and homogenization of SiC particles, and improve the welding quality and efficiency. Reasonable increase of ultrasonic vibration time could effectively improve the joint strength.
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Authors and Affiliations

Changzhuang Zhou
1
ORCID: ORCID
Lin Ma
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Chao Zhu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Qinghe Cui
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jindi Liang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yujian Song
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Shenyang Aerospace University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China
  2. The University of Queensland, Australia
12 Effect of High-Temperature Annealing on the Cross-Tension Property of Resistance Spot Welded Medium-Mn Steel
Bingge Zhao , Yuanfang Wang , Chenyu Sun , Kai Ding , Guanzhi Wu , Tao Wei , Hua Pan , Yulai Gao
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1293-1298 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141054
Keywords: medium Mn steel resistance spot welding cross-tension strength martensite fracture
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Abstract

As one of the most promising 3rd generation advanced high strength steels (AHSS), medium Mn steels attract much attention because of their exceptional mechanical property and reasonable cost. However, their application in the modern automotive industry is limited by poor weldability. In this study, 7Mn steel was welded by resistance spot welding (RSW), which was followed by high-temperature annealing to increase the cross-tension property. With this effort, enhanced cross-tension strength (CTS) with a partial interfacial fracture (PIF) mode was realized. During the annealing after RSW that produced martensite, austenitization was realized and then evolved into martensite by the following air cooling. This process produced structure homogeneity across the joint. With respect to the RSW joint, martensite remained the dominant structure after annealing while the diffusion of C and Mn solutes was triggered. With the increase of annealing temperature, the diffusion was enhanced, and the grain boundary embrittlement was reduced, leading to higher CTS.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bingge Zhao
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Yuanfang Wang
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Chenyu Sun
1 2
Kai Ding
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Guanzhi Wu
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Tao Wei
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Hua Pan
3 4
ORCID: ORCID
Yulai Gao
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Shanghai University, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy, 200444, P.R. China
  2. Shanghai University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Advanced Solidification Technology (CAST), Shanghai, 200444, P.R.China
  3. State Key Laboratory of Development and Application Technology of Automotive Steels, Shanghai 201900, P.R. China
  4. Automobile Steel Research Institute, R&D Center, Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd . Shanghai 201900, P.R. China
13 Hierarchical Carbon Fiber-Carbon Nanotubes by Using Electrospray Deposition Method with Preserved Tensile Properties
Muhammad Razlan Zakaria , Hazizan Md Akil , Mohd Firdaus Omar , Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim , M. Nabiałek , J.J. Wysłocki
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1299-1304 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141055
Keywords: Hybrid materials carbon nanotubes carbon fiber
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Abstract

In this study, the electrospray deposition (ESD) method was used to deposit carbon nanotubes (CNT) onto the surfaces of carbon fibers (CF) in order to produce hybrid carbon fiber-carbon nanotubes (CF-CNT) which is rarely reported in the past. Extreme high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (XHR-FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyse the hybrid carbon fiber-carbon nanotube (CF-CNT). The results demonstrated that CNT was successfully and homogenously distributed on the CF surface. Hybrid CF-CNT was then prepared and compared with CF without CNT deposition in terms of their tensile properties. Statistically, the tensile strength and the tensile modulus of the hybrid CF-CNT were increased by up to 3% and 25%, respectively, as compared to the CF without CNT deposition. The results indicated that the ESD method did not cause any reduction of tensile properties of hybrid CF-CNT. Based on this finding, it can be prominently identified some new and significant information of interest to researchers and industrialists working on CF based products.
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Authors and Affiliations

Muhammad Razlan Zakaria
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Hazizan Md Akil
3
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Firdaus Omar
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim
2
ORCID: ORCID
M. Nabiałek
4
ORCID: ORCID
J.J. Wysłocki
4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Kompleks Pengajian Jejawi 2, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellent (CEGeoGTech) Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
  4. Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Department of Physics 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
14 Manufacture of Bead-Stiffened Panels Using the Single Point Incremental Sheet Forming Technique
B. Krasowski , A. Kubit , T. Trzepieciński , J. Slota
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1305-1314 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141056
Keywords: aluminium alloy incremental sheet forming numerical modelling thin-walled structure
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of experimental research on the fabrication of thin-walled panels with longitudinal stiffening ribs by the single point incremental sheet forming technique. The bead-stiffened panels were made of Alclad 2024-T3 aluminium alloy sheets commonly used in aircraft structures. The influence of forming parameters and tool strategy on surface quality and the possibility of obtaining stiffening ribs with the required profile and depth was tested through experimental research. Two tool path strategies, spiral with continuous sinking and multi-step z-level contouring, were considered. The results of the experiments were used to verify the finite element-based numerical simulations of the incremental forming process. It was found that the main parameter which influences the formability of test sheets is the tool path strategy; the tool path strategy with multi-step z-level contouring allowed the rib to be formed to a depth of 3.53 mm without risk of cracking. However a greater depth of rib equal of 5.56 mm was achieved with the continuous tool path. The tool path strategy was also the main parameter influencing the surface finish of the drawpiece during the single point incremental forming process.
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Authors and Affiliations

B. Krasowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Kubit
2
ORCID: ORCID
T. Trzepieciński
2
ORCID: ORCID
J. Slota
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Carpatian State School in Krosno, Krosno, Poland
  2. Rzeszow University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, 12 Powstańców Warszawy Av., 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
  3. Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovakia
15 Internal Friction Study on the Influence of Pre-Deformation on Hydrogen Embrittlement Sensitivity of Dual-Phase Steel
Qihang Pang , Cong Geng , Jiaji Wang , Weijuan Li , Jing Guo , Xiaoming Yu
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1315-1324 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141057
Keywords: Dual phase steel hydrogen embrittlement γ peak SKK peak dislocation density
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Abstract

In this study, an electrochemical method was used to permeate hydrogen through annealed DP590 steel under various pre-strain conditions (0-15%). Stress-strain and internal friction-temperature curves of the dual phase (DP) steel were obtained from slow strain-rate tensile tests and internal friction measurements, respectively. The diffusion of interstitial atoms, formation of Cottrell atmospheres, and embrittlement mechanism of DP steel were investigated under different prestress conditions before and after hydrogen permeation. The results show that the tensile strength of DP steel first decreases and then increases and the elongation sharply decreases with increasing pre-strain. The strength and ductility present similar trends with changes in pre-strain before and after hydrogen charging, however, after hydrogen charging, an obvious increase in tensile strength and decrease in elongation are observed. Furthermore, the γ peak amplitude decreases and the Snoek-Ke-Koster (SKK) peak amplitude increases with increasing internal pre-strain according to the friction-temperature curve. The γ peak and SKK peak exhibit the same trends with increasing pre-strain before and after hydrogen charging and both the γ peak and SKK peak decrease with hydrogen charging. The dislocation density in DP steel increases after hydrogen charging.
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Authors and Affiliations

Qihang Pang
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Cong Geng
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Jiaji Wang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Weijuan Li
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Jing Guo
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Xiaoming Yu
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Science and Technology LIAONING, School of Materials and Metallurgy, ANSHAN LIAONING, 114051, China
  2. State Key Laboratory of Metal Material for Marine Equipment and Application, Anshan Liaoning, 114009, China
  3. Shenyang Ligong University, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang Liaoning, 110159, China
16 Investigation of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Braided Composite Materials
Jamal Arbaoui , Jérémie Aucher , Moussa Gomina , Joel Breard
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1325-1332 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141058
Keywords: Braided composites thermal conductivity bending tensile
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Abstract

This paper investigates the thermal and mechanical properties of a composite made from a combination of 2063-epoxy resin and three different braided carbon-fiber fabric reinforcements. These fibres consist of HTS carbon, HTS carbon braided with nickel coated carbon and HTS carbon braided with nickel coated copper, respectively. The composites were manufactured through resin transfer molding (RTM) route. The thermal diffusivity of carbon fibers composites was measured at different temperature by using a flash method. The transverse and planar thermal conductivities were determined by measuring the specific heat, density and thermal diffusivities, respectively. The current research highlights the influence of adding nickel coated carbon and nickel-plated copper wires on the braided composites. The evaluation shows that the HTS carbon braided manufactured with nickel-plated copper wires presents higher in-plane thermal conductivity (in direction parallel of the fibres) when comparing to HTS carbon and HTS carbon braided manufactured with nickel coated carbon. The thermal conductivity benefits of those composite were achieved at the expenses of lower mechanical properties of braided composites investigated.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jamal Arbaoui
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Jérémie Aucher
1
ORCID: ORCID
Moussa Gomina
1
ORCID: ORCID
Joel Breard
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Laboratoire CRISMAT, UMR 6508 CNRS/ENSICAEN, 6 Bd Maréchal Juin, 14050 Caen Cedex 4, France
  2. University of Cadi Ayyad, National School of Applied Sciences, Laboratory of Materials, Processes, Environment and Quality, B.P. 63, 46000, Safi, Morocco
17 Simulation of Dendrite Morphology and Micro-Segregation in U-Nb Alloy During Solidification
Bin Su , Jing-Yuan Liu , Xiao-Peng Zhang , Xue-Wei Yan
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1333-1339 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141059
Keywords: U-Nb alloys solidification process dendrite growth cellular automaton numerical simulation
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Abstract

Due to the importance of uranium and uranium alloys to national defence and nuclear industrial applications, it is necessary to understand dendrite formation in their solidification structures and to control their microstructures. In this study, a modified cellular automaton model was developed to predict 2-D and 3-D equiaxed dendrite growth in U-Nb alloys. The model takes into account solute diffusion, preferential growth orientation, interface curvature, etc., and the solid fraction increment is calculated using the local level rule method. Using this model, 2-D large-scale and 3-D equiaxed dendrite growth with various crystallographic orientations in the U-5.5Nb alloy were simulated, and the Nb micro-segregation behaviour during solidification was analysed. The simulated results showed reasonable agreement with the as-cast microstructure observed experimentally.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bin Su
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jing-Yuan Liu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xiao-Peng Zhang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xue-Wei Yan
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. China Academy of Engineering Physics, Institute of Materials, Jiangyou, China
  2. Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, School of Aero Engine, Zhengzhou, China
18 SEM/TEM Investigation of Degradation of Bi-Layer (Cr,Al)N/Cr2N3 Duplex Coatings Exposed to AlSi Alloy High Pressure Die Casting Cycles
A. Wilczek , J. Morgiel , A. Sypień , M. Pomorska , Ł. Rogal
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1341-1348 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141060
Keywords: duplex coatings CrN/Cr2N/(CrN/CrAlN)/CrAlN SEM TEM HPDC
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Abstract

High pressure die casting (HDPC) allows to produce aluminum parts for car industry of complicated shapes in long series. Dies used in this process must be robust enough to withstand long term injection cycling with liquid aluminum alloys, as otherwise their defects are imprinted on the product making them unacceptable. It is expected that nitriding followed by coating deposition (duplex treatment) should protect them in best way and increase intervals between the cleaning/repairing operations. The present experiment covered investigations of the microstructure of the as nitride and deposited with CrAlN coating as well as its shape after foundry tests. The observations were performed with the scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) method. They showed that the bottom part of this bi-layer is formed by roughly equi-axed Cr2N crystallites, while the upper one with the fine columnar (CrAl)N crystallites. This bi-layers were matched with a set of 7x nano-layers of CrN/(CrAl)N, while at the coating bottom a CrN buffer layer was placed. The foundry run for up to 19 500 cycles denuded most of coated area exposed to fast liquid flow (40 m/s) but left most of bottom part of the coating in the areas exposed to slower flow (7 m/s). The acquired data indicated that the main weakness of this coating was in its porosity present both at the columnar grain boundaries (upper layer) as well as at the bottom of droplets imbedded in it (both layers). They nucleate cracks propagating perpendicularly and the latter at an angle or even parallel to the substrate. The most crack resistant part of the coating turned-out the bottom layer built of roughly equiaxed fine Cr2N crystallites. Even application of this relatively simple duplex protection in the form of CrAlN coating deposited on the nitride substrate helped to extend the die run in the foundry by more than three times.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Wilczek
1
J. Morgiel
2
ORCID: ORCID
A. Sypień
2
ORCID: ORCID
M. Pomorska
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ł. Rogal
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Limatherm S.A., Tarnowska Str. 1, 34-600 Limanowa , Poland
  2. Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science Polish Academy of Science, 25 Reymonta Str., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
19 Finite Element Analysis on Structural Behaviour of Geopolymer Reinforced Concrete Beam using Johnson-Cook Damage in ABAQUS
Nurul Aida Mohd Mortar , Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah , Kamarudin Hussin , Rafiza Abdul Razak , Sanusi Hamat , Ahmad Humaizi Hilmi , Noorfifi Natasha Shahedan , Long Yuan Li , Ikmal Hakem A. Aziz
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1349-1354 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141061
Keywords: fly ash geopolymer geopolymer concrete finite element analysis Johnson cook damage ABAQUS software
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Abstract

This paper details a finite element analysis of the behaviour of Si-Al geopolymer concrete beam reinforced steel bar under an impulsive load and hyper velocity speed up to 1 km/s created by an air blast explosion. The initial torsion stiffness and ultimate torsion strength of the beam increased with increasing compressive strength and decreasing stirrup ratio. The study involves building a finite element model to detail the stress distribution and compute the level of damage, displacement, and cracks development on the geopolymer concrete reinforcement beam. This was done in ABAQUS, where a computational model of the finite element was used to determine the elasticity, plasticity, concrete tension damages, concrete damage plasticity, and the viability of the Johnson-Cook Damage method on the Si-Al geopolymer concrete. The results from the numerical simulation show that an increase in the load magnitude at the midspan of the beam leads to a percentage increase in the ultimate damage of the reinforced geopolymer beams failing in shear plastic deformation. The correlation between the numerical and experimental blasting results confirmed that the damage pattern accurately predicts the response of the steel reinforcement Si-Al geopolymer concrete beams, concluded that decreasing the scaled distance from 0.298 kg/m3 to 0.149 kg/m3 increased the deformation percentage.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nurul Aida Mohd Mortar
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Kamarudin Hussin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Rafiza Abdul Razak
3
ORCID: ORCID
Sanusi Hamat
4
ORCID: ORCID
Ahmad Humaizi Hilmi
4
Noorfifi Natasha Shahedan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Long Yuan Li
5
ORCID: ORCID
Ikmal Hakem A. Aziz
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Malaysia
  2. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Malaysia
  3. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Malaysia
  4. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Malaysia
  5. University of Plymouth, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
20 Mechanisms of Microbiological Corrosion Employing Iron-Reducing Bacteria
N.A.A. Jamaluddin , M. Yusoff , S.K. Wee , M.N. Masri
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1355-1358 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141062
Keywords: Microbiological Corrosion Iron-Reducing Bacteria
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Abstract

Iron-reducing bacteria (IRB) seek to unravel iron corrosion for oil and gas steel pipeline failure. IRB continued to be dominating the microbiological corrosion of iron structures in steel by deteriorating steel surface via Fe(III) reduction. The mechanisms by IRB mediate Fe(III) reduction into Fe(II) for bacterial respiration to contribute to iron steel corrosion. However, the complexity of corrosion is not fully comprehended. It remains controversial due to the corrosion mechanisms proposed by IRB that may induce or inhibit corrosion when engaged with microbial biofilm. In this brief review, understanding microbiological corrosion mechanisms associated with IRB interactions may better understand microbiological corrosion and derive corrosion control.
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Authors and Affiliations

N.A.A. Jamaluddin
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Yusoff
1
ORCID: ORCID
S.K. Wee
1
ORCID: ORCID
M.N. Masri
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, 17600 Jeli Kelantan, Malaysia
21 Nozzle Clogging in Vacuum Induction Melting Gas Atomization: Influence of the Delivery-Tube and Nozzle Coupling
Junfeng Wang , Min Xia , Jialun Wu , Changchun Ge
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1359-1370 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141063
Keywords: nozzle clogging atomization recirculation zone delivery-tube
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Abstract

Nozzle clogging seriously affects the continuity of spraying powder in vacuum induction melting gas atomization (VIGA) process and increases the consumption of gas and raw materials. However, there are few systematic studies on nozzle clogging. This paper reports the physics of nozzle clogging in gas atomization production. The influence of coupling-length of different melt delivery-tubes on nozzle clogging is studied numerically and experimentally. The interface tracking method of Volume of Fluid (VOF) and the large eddy simulation (LES) model are performed for visualizing the melt droplets flow traces in primary atomization and the associated simulation cloud images compared with experimental results. Four delivery-tube coupling-lengths (0 mm, 3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm) relative to nozzle position and two gas pressures (3 MPa and 4.5 MPa) are chosen for this study. The results indicated that the coupling-lengths of 0 mm and 3 mm increases the strength of the recirculation zone, the melt droplets backflow is obvious, and the nozzle is blocked. However, this phenomenon eliminated with increasing coupling-lengths, the atomization process is continuous, but the final fine powder yield decreases. This research is of guiding significance and reference for understanding the nozzle clogging of vacuum induction melting gas atomization (VIGA) technology.
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Authors and Affiliations

Junfeng Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Min Xia
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jialun Wu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Changchun Ge
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Science & Technology Beijing Institute of Special Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing,100083, China
  2. University of Science & Technology Academician of CAS, Institute of Special Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy, Beijing, China
22 Studies on Flexural Properties and Construction of Failure Mode Map for Copper Sandwich Panels
A. Vino , K. Kalaichelvan , S. Sajith , G. Kumaresan
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1371-1380 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141064
Keywords: brazing Forming Honeycomb Strain energy flexural stiffness ED Wire cutting Dies EDS
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Abstract

This paper is focused on investigating the mechanisms associated with different failure modes of copper (C101) sandwich panels with honeycomb cores of different heights subjected to flexural loading. Honeycomb core is made up of copper strips which were formed to required shapes using Dies fabricated by Electric Discharge Wire cut machining technique. All the joints in the sandwich panel were established through Brazing technique. Three-point bending test was conducted as per ASTM standard C-393. It was observed that increase in height of the core resulted in panels with higher strength to weight ratio. It also exhibited higher stiffness to weight ratio and very high strain energy absorption ability. An increase in flexural strength was reported with a maximum of 43% improvement for 10.9 mm core compared to 6.9 mm core. Further, 81.75% increase in absorbed strain energy was reported for 10.9 mm thick panel compared to 6.9 mm. The Optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed the establishment of good bonding between the filler and the substrate. Energy-dispersive Spectroscopic (EDS) analysis revealed the presence of Cu, Al, Zn, SiO2 and CaCO3 in the substrate. Further it also revealed the presence of Cu, CaCO3 and GaP in the filler material. The failure mode map was constructed which can be used for predicting different types of failures more likely to occur for specific parameters of copper sandwich panel. The dominant failures occurred during testing was in good agreement with the prediction done through failure mode map. The appreciable results in the proposed research may be supportive in construction of cooling system. The structure development and process control are convenient in mass production in automobile industries.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Vino
1
ORCID: ORCID
K. Kalaichelvan
1
ORCID: ORCID
S. Sajith
2
ORCID: ORCID
G. Kumaresan
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Anna University, Department of Ceramics, AC Techcampus, Chennai, India
  2. Anna University, Department of Aerospace Engineering, MIT Campus, Chennai, India
  3. Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sathya Mangalam, Erode – 638 401, India
23 Influence of Flame Retardant and Processing Conditions on Selected Properties of Mouldings Made of ABS
M. Trzaskalska
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1381-1386 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141065
Keywords: injection moulding ABS PS TiO2 flame retardant mechanical properties
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Abstract

Thanks to dyeing of polymers, the possibilities of their use are constantly increasing. It is equally important to use additives that will have several functions. A perfect example is titanium dioxide used as an optical brightener and a flame retardant at the same time. Mostly it is used in the form of a powder. However, there are no studies where TiO2 is used as a colourbatch based on the different polymer matrix.
The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of titanium white in the form of colourbatch on the flammability and selected properties of mouldings produced in various processing conditions. Colourbatch based on PS matrix, was used in the research. The variable processing parameters were: injection temperature Tw, volume flow rate Vw, residence time and the addition of a colourbatch. On the basis of the measurements, it was found that the processing conditions and the addition of the colourbatch have low effect on the hardness of the mouldings, which was in the range from 75.59o Sh D (Shore type D) to 81.95o Sh D. It was also noted that the addition of colourbatch with TiO2 and increasing injection temperature reduces impact strength even by several dozen percent. Moreover, it was found that use of TiO2 causes a delay in the ignitability of the samples in selected cases. It is difficult to determine whether the variable processing conditions or the addition of TiO2 on the PS matrix have a greater impact on the ignitability of the moulded parts.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Trzaskalska
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Technology and Automation, 21 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
24 A comparative Study on the Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of the ZM20 and ZM21 Alloys after Casting and Rolling
Halil Ahmet Gören , Mehmet Ünal , Yunus Türen , Hayrettin Ahlatçı , Yavuz Sun
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 1387-1394 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.141066
Keywords: Grain size Hall-Petch relationship yield stress corrosion magnesium
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Abstract

In this study, the effects of grain refinement and production methods on the corrosion, corrosive wear and mechanical properties of the as-cast and as-rolled Mg-2 wt.% Zn (ZM20) and Mg-2 wt.% Zn-0,51 wt.% Mn (ZM21) alloys were examined by using OM, XRD, SEM, hardness and uniaxial tensile test. Additionally, the potentiodynamic polarization, immersion corrosion test and corrosive wear properties of the ZM20 and ZM21 alloys were compared. According to the XRD results, MgZn and MgZn2 phases were found in the alloys and also MnZn3 phase occurred in the ZM21 alloy with the addition of manganese. Both during solidification forming nucleation points with the added manganese and during rolling the broken secondary phase particles distributed into the matrix prevented grain growth and led to the formation of a more refined structure. The tensile test results showed that the strength of the as-cast ZM21 alloys were better than that of the as-cast ZM20 alloys and further improvement in mechanical properties occurred with the rolling of the both alloys. The most superior hardness was found in the as-rolled ZM21 alloy. In the total 400-m reciprocal corrosive wear test in the 3.5% NaCl solution, the lowest mass loss was in the as-rolled ZM21 alloys. In the potentiodyn