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Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Description
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials is a quarterly of Polish Academy of Sciences and Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences, which publishes original scientific papers and reviews in the fields of metallurgy and materials science. Papers with focus on synthesis, processing and properties of metal materials, including thermodynamic and physical properties, phase relations, and their relation to microstructure of materials are of particular interest.

IMPACT FACTOR 2024: 0.70

CiteScore 2024 - 1,30

SNIP 2024 - 0,485

SJR 2023 - 0,235

JCI - 0,16

Score of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education = 40



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ISSN
e-ISSN 2300-1909
Publishers
Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences, Committee of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy of Polish Academy of Sciences

EDITORIAL  BOARD

Editor-in-Chief:

Maciej Szczerba, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Poland

 

Editors:

Piotr Bała, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland

Paweł Czaja, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Poland

Przemysław Fima, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Poland

Krzysztof Fitzner, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland

Marek Kopyto, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Poland

Bogusław Major, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Poland

Marcin Nabiałek, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland

Romana Ewa Śliwa, Rzeszow Univesity of Technology, Poland

Wojciech Święszkowski, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Anna Wierzbicka-Miernik, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Poland

Paweł Zięba, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Poland

 

Editorial Advisory Board

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, University of Malaysia

Leszek Blacha, Silesian University of Technology, Poland

Zbigniew Bojar, Military University of Technology, Poland

Eduardo Cesari, University of the Balearic Islands , Spain

Kyu Rhee Chang, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Korea

Volodymyr Chernenko, Basque Center For Materials, Spain

Jan Dusza, Institute of Materials Research, SAS, Slovakia

Władysław Gąsior, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Poland

Volodymyr Golub, Institute of Magnetism NASU, Ukraine

Zbigniew Gronostajski, Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland

Edward Guzik, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland

George Kaptay, Research Institute on Nanotechnology, Hungary

Alexandre Kodentsov, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands

Rafał Kozubski, Jagiellonian University, Poland

Aleš Kroupa, Institute of Physics of Materials AS CR, Czech Republic

Piotr Kula, Lodz University of Technology, Poland

Jan Kusiński, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland

Roman Kuziak, Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy, Poland

Jüergen Lackner, Laser Center Leoben, Joanneum Research, Austria

Kee Ahn Lee, Inha University, Korea

Marcin Leonowicz, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Małgorzata Lewandowska, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Jerzy Lis, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland

Viktor Lvov, Kyiv National University, Ukraine

Leszek B. Magalas, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland

Graeme E. Murch, University of Newcastle, Australia

Alberto Passerone, Institute of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Italy

Sudipta Seal, University of Central Florida, United States of America

Eugen Rabkin, Technion Israel Institute of  Technology, Israel

Amir Shirzadi, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

Jerzy Sobczak, Foundry Research Institute, Poland

Natalia Sobczak, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, Poland

Pekka Taskinen, Aalto University, Finland

Stefan Zaefferer,  Max-Planck-Institut, Germany

Ehrenfried Zschech, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany

 

Board of Review 

Janusz Adamiec, Marek Blicharski, Marcin Brzeziński, Ryszard Dąbrowski, Stanisław Dymek, Robert Filipek, Franciszek Grosman, Halina Garbacz, Sebastian Garus, Marcin Górny, Adam Grajcar, Marek Hetmańczyk, Jarosław Jakubski, Mieczysław Jurczyk, Agnieszka Kopia, Marian Kucharski, Beata Leszczyńska-Madej, Marcin Leonowicz, Łukasz Madej, Piotr Migas, Maciej Motyka, Jerzy Pacyna, Zbigniew Pędzich, Łukasz Rauch, Kinga Rodak, Maria Sozańska, Tomasz Tański, Krzysztof Wierzbanowski, Joanna Wojewoda-Budka, Waldemar Wołczyński, Piotr Żabiński

 

Editorial address:



Assistant Editor:

Marta Bitner

Strata Mechanics Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, 27 Reymonta Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland

tel. +48 (012) 637 62 00 w. 58,

e-mail: archiwum4@wp.pl, amm@imim.pl


Open access policy

Archive of Metallurgy and Materials is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.
Articles are printed in an open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC- BY 4.0),


The Journal license is: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en.
This license allows others to distribute, remix, modify, and build upon the author's work, even commercially, as long as the original work is attributed to the author.

Under the CC BY 4.0 license, the copyright holder is the author, who grants a general, non-exclusive license allowing others to freely use the work, provided that the author and the license name are cited, even for commercial purposes. Authorship rights are inalienable and protected, hence the requirement for attribution.

In summary: the owner is the creator.

Sharing publishing rights Under the CC BY 4.0 license, publishing rights are very broad: the licensee can copy, distribute, remix, modify the work, and create derivative works based on it (even commercially), under the sole condition of attribution (BY), meaning the author is indicated in a specific manner, guaranteeing the greatest freedom of use.

In summary: CC BY 4.0 is the most permissive license, providing the most freedom (especially commercial), requiring only basic respect for copyright by attributing the creator.

 

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Content

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 4

1 Investigation of Surface Characteristics of Inconel-625 by EDM with Used Cooking Oil-Based Biodiesel as Dielectric Fluid
Mohd Yunus Khan , P. Sudhakar Rao , BS. Pabla
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 1225-1232 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146186
Keywords: sustainable manufacturing used vegetable oil-based biodiesel Dielectric fluid surface roughness EDM performance
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Abstract

In this investigation, the surface characteristics of Nickel based superalloy Inconel-625 were evaluated by the electrical discharge machining with used cooking oil-based biodiesel as a dielectric. Nickel-based superalloys find wide applicability in numerous industries due to their specific properties. The Cu electrodes of various densities prepared by atomic diffusion additive manufacturing process were used for machining. A comparison of the performance was made based on average surface roughness. The Design-expert software was used for experimental design and parametric analysis. The outcome demonstrated that bio-dielectric fluid produced improved surface characteristics. The surface roughness was observed to reduce. The surface micrograph obtained from scanning electron microscopy also confirms a better surface finish of bio-dielectric fluid over EDM oil. The surface roughness was shown to be most significantly influenced by the discharge current, with the other parameters having little or no effect. The results showed that for bio-dielectric, the lowest Ra was 0.643 µm, and for EDM oil, the highest value of 0.844 µm. The slightest difference in roughness value for two dielectric fluids was 0.013 µm, and the highest difference was 0.115 µm.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mohd Yunus Khan
1
ORCID: ORCID
P. Sudhakar Rao
1
ORCID: ORCID
BS. Pabla
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research (NITTTR), Chandigarh, India
2 Influence of the Amount of Resin in the Spent Furfuryl Mass on the Thermal Regeneration Process
Mariusz Łucarz , Marcini Brzezińsk
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 1233-1239 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146187
Keywords: thermal reclamation thermal analysis ignition losses furfuryl resin
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Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the amount of a commonly used binder in foundry work, furfuryl resin – on the course of the thermal regeneration of used moulding sand. The thermal regeneration procedure was carried out at a temperature of 525°C, the required temperature determined according to a specific procedure, and a lower and less effective temperature of 400°C. On the basis of the ignition losses, the influence of the regeneration temperature on the effects of the procedures carried out was compared. It was found that 400°C was too low to effectively clean the binder matrix, but that the more resin in the spent sand, the more intense the cleaning effect. When the required regeneration temperature for furfuryl resin of 523°C was used, higher binder degradation kinetics were observed due to the additional energy supplied to the process from the combustion of a large amount of organic material in the moulding sand.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mariusz Łucarz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcini Brzezińsk
1
  1. AGH University of Krakow , Faculty of Fo undry Engineering, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow , Poland
3 Study on the Phase Composition and Microstructure of Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V After Surface Plasma Nitriding
Radostina Yankova , Ludmil Drenchev
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 1241-1245 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146188
Keywords: Plasma spray nitriding indirect plasmatron Surface treatment Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V
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Abstract

The application of titanium alloys is limited due to their low surface hardness and wear resistance, especially for parts operating under friction and contact loads. One of the most widely used technologies for the thermochemical treatment of titanium alloys is gas nitriding. A new method in this direction is surface plasma gas nitriding using indirect arc plasmatrons operating in a chamber with a controlled nitrogen atmosphere. In the present work, the changes in the phase transformations, microstructure, and surface hardness of titanium alloy Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V after plasma gas nitriding at the power of 18 kW, and 25 kW for a time between 5 and 30 minutes are studied. The plasma gas nitriding with the indirect plasmatron of the titanium alloy produced continuous surface layers. Analysis of the surface showed the presence of TiN and TiO2. The thickness of the plasma gas nitrided layers ranges between 100 μm and 350 μm, depending on the technological parameters.
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Authors and Affiliations

Radostina Yankova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ludmil Drenchev
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Metal Science, Equipment and Technologies with Hydro- and Aerodynamics Centre “Acad. A. Balevski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
4 Transient Thermal Analysis of 1U Modular Cubesat Based on Passive Thermal Control System
Sunidhi Kubade , Shruti Kulkarni , Pankaj N. Dhatrak
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 1247-1254 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146189
Keywords: CubeSat Transient thermal analysis Passive Thermal Control Thermal strap MLI
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Abstract

Cube Satellites are miniaturized satellites used for space research with a mass of not more than 1.33 kg per unit. They are widely used in space applications because of its low cost of manufacturing and flexibility of applications. Since, they use commercial off-the-shelf components, thermal consideration of internal components of 1-unit cube satellites becomes a necessity. In this paper, transient thermal analysis of a 1-unit cube satellite is conducted to analyze its behavior during the first 29 seconds of orbit insertion from the launch vehicle. Transient thermal analysis yielded a temperature range that exceeded the optimum limit. As a result, to reduce heat dissipation, two main types of thermal management systems for satellites: active control and passive control systems are included. To maintain critical components at their operating temperature, a passive thermal control is implemented. Thermal strap and multi-layer insulation are used to analyze internal components of 1-unit cube satellite. Using graphite fiber thermal strap and aerogel multi-layer insulation for internal components, the 1-unit modular cube satellite is found to be more suitable under low earth orbit conditions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sunidhi Kubade
1
ORCID: ORCID
Shruti Kulkarni
1
ORCID: ORCID
Pankaj N. Dhatrak
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Dr. Vishwanath Karad Mit World Peace University, Pune, India
5 Effects of the Microstructure and Strengthening Mechanisms of Mo2C Powders Being Added to Ti-8Nb-4Co Alloy Via the Vacuum Sintering Process
Shih-Hsien Chang , Kun Jie Liao , Kuo-Tsung Huang , Cheng Liang
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 1255-1265 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146190
Keywords: Ti-8Nb-4Co alloy Mo2C powders vacuum sintering TRS EBSD
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Abstract

This study utilizes Ti-8Nb-4Co alloys added to different proportions of Mo2C powders (1, 3, and 5 mass%) by the vacuum sintering process of powder metallurgy and simultaneously vacuum sinters the alloys at 1240, 1270, 1300, and 1330°C for 1 h, respectively. The experimental results indicate that when 3 mass% Mo2C powders were added to the Ti-8Nb-4Co alloys, the specimens possessed the optimal mechanical properties after sintering at 1300°C for 1 h. The relative density was 98.02%, and the hardness and TRS were enhanced to 69.6 HRA and 1816.7 MPa, respectively. In addition, the microstructure of vacuum sintered Ti-8Nb-4Co-3Mo2C alloys has both α and β-phase structures, as well as TiC precipitates. EBSD results confirm that the Mo 2C in situ produced TiC during the sintering process and was uniformly dispersed in the grain boundary. Moreover, the reduced molybdenum atom acted as a β-phase stabilizing element and solid-solution in the titanium matrix.
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Authors and Affiliations

Shih-Hsien Chang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kun Jie Liao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kuo-Tsung Huang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Cheng Liang
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. National Taipei University of Technology, Department of Materials and Miner al Resources Engineering, Taipei 10608, Taiwan, ROC
  2. National Kangshan Agricultural Industrial Senior High School, Department of Auto-Mechanics, Kaohsiung 82049, Taiwan, ROC
6 Comparison and Analysis on the Effects of Oil-Quenching and Salt-Quenching for Carburized Gear Ring
Xin Wang , Jinlong Gu
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 1267-1273 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146191
Keywords: oil-quenching salt-quenching martensite transformation distortion
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Abstract

The most commonly quenching process for carburizing gears is the oil-quenching (OQ) and salt-quenching (SQ), and finite analysis and comparison of OQ and SQ on the carburizing gear ring were performed. Wherein, the accurate simulation of gear carburization was obtained by the alloying element coefficient for diffusion coefficient and experiment validation. The heat transfer coefficients measured by the inverse heat transfer method was used to the temperature simulation, and the gear distortion mechanism was analyzed by the simulated results. By the comparison of OQ, SQ had higher cooling capacity in the high temperature region and slow cooling rate in the temperature range where martensite transformation occurs. The martensite transformation was more sufficient, and the compressive stress of the tooth was greater in the SQ. The tooth showed a drum-shaped and slight saddle-shaped distortion in the OQ and SQ, respectively. The simulated distortion results have good consistency with the measured results, and the SQ distortion was more uniform and stable based on the measured results.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xin Wang
1
Jinlong Gu
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Henan University of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering College, Zhengzhou, Henan 451191 China
7 Research on Formability of 304 Stainless Steel Foil Micro-Deep Drawing
Yulin Xing , Peisheng Han ,