Nauki Techniczne

Archives of Mining Sciences

Zawartość

Archives of Mining Sciences | 2026 | vol. 71 | No 1

Abstrakt

Dust generated during mining operations presents a critical challenge for both occupational health and environmental well-being. Existing literature shows that the assessment of dust generated by mining is addressed from technical and health viewpoints, which results in a limited scope of analysis. To address this issue, this study adopts a broader perspective by evaluating external environmental factors influencing dust management through the PESTLE analysis framework. By encompassing political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental dimensions, it offers a comprehensive perspective on dust management, its impacts, and relevant control policies. To gather relevant data, a survey was conducted among individuals with over five years of experience in the mining sector to obtain their perspectives. Our findings indicate a clear consensus among participants regarding the necessity of increased budget allocation for dust control in the mining sector, with an average score exceeding 4.5/5. There’s also strong agreement that evaluating mining dust is crucial for strategic planning and promoting sustainable mining practices. However, the survey results reveal uncertainty in technological and legal aspects, with average scores around 3/5. Professionals believe that dust control technologies currently used in mining are behind those in other industries. Furthermore, a significant portion still faces knowledge gaps regarding legal regulations. This highlights critical areas where further investment and comprehensive information are needed. The insights will help strategic planners identify gaps in technology and regulation. By focusing efforts on improving knowledge, technological capacity, and regulatory frameworks, resources can be better allocated to enhance dust control measures and support sustainable mining practices.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ulku Kalayci Sahinoglu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ümit Özer
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey

Abstrakt

Accurate volumetric estimation of mining waste-dumps is crucial for cost management and environmental monitoring. In this study of an active marble quarry, we evaluated the accuracy and reliability of digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from two very high-resolution (VHR) satellites – Pléiades Neo (PleN) tri-stereo and WorldView-2 (WV2) – compared to a reliable high-precision UAV-based model. Recording for the three DEMs was performed by extracting 30 secondary ground control points that were easily recognizable in the different DEMs. Evaluation involved the selection of stable control plots, where no surface changes were apparent in visual inspection. For these control areas, we evaluated the altimetric differences of the satellite-derived DEMs compared to the UAV DEM, finding that PleN and WV2 yielded mean vertical offsets of –11.7 cm and –18.6 cm (root mean square errors of 24.8 cm and 20.7 cm), respectively. Our findings underscore the potential of VHR satellite imagery for the evaluation of mining waste volumes and provide guidelines for optimal georeferencing and recording of periodically generated DEMs using UAV-derived DEMs obtained at specific points in time.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Iván González Pérez
1
ORCID: ORCID
Enoc Sanz Ablanedo
1
ORCID: ORCID
José Ramón Rodríguez Pérez
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University affiliation not provided

Abstrakt

This study analyses building foundation models with and without expansion joints, investigating the effects of deep soil mixing (DSM) on settlement and the effect of expansion joints on stress distribution. Numerical models were developed to evaluate the impact of DSM parameters, including diameter, length, and spacing, as well as the influence of mini-piles and anchorage systems on the support structure, and showed that increasing the diameter and length of DSM columns significantly reduced settlements, achieving reductions of 81-94% in models with expansion joints and 77-94% in models without expansion joints. In models with expansion joints and without joints, closely spaced DSM applications (1.3 m) have significantly reduced settlement and also prevented non-uniform settlement. Expansion joints limit stress interaction between blocks, interrupt stress continuity, and thus prevent the propagation of secondary stresses arising from non-uniform settlement, temperature effects, and stiffness differences. The relationship between DSM length and settlement is similar to the relationship between DSM diameter and settlement. For this study, a DSM length of 12 meters and a DSM diameter of 0.4 meters were determined as the ideal DSM parameters. DSM configuration with 12 meter length, 0.4 m diameter, and 1.3 m spacing was identified as the most efficient solution in terms of both performance and cost for this project. These findings indicate that expansion joints are a secondary parameter in settlement control under DSM-improved soil conditions, that soil improvement properties should be prioritised in design evaluations, and that expansion joints are an important criterion in terms of stress distribution.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Metin Özlekli
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kurban Öntürk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sedat Sert
2
ORCID: ORCID
Emine Aydın
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Turkey
  2. Sakarya University, Turkey

Abstrakt

The design of blasting parameters for open-pit mines mainly relies on empirical analysis, which leads to problems such as poor blasting effect and high randomness. Conduct research on intelligent optimisation schemes for open-pit mine bench blasting parameters by combining mathematical analysis and numerical simulation methods. The specific research process mainly includes the following aspects. Based on rock mechanics experiments, obtain the mechanical parameters of ore and rock in the blasting area on-site. Constructing a prediction model for open-pit mine bench blasting and an intelligent optimisation scheme for blasting parameters based on the KUZ-RAM model. Considering the actual production of open-pit mines, and combining LS-DYNA to establish a detailed blasting simulation, a basic 3D model is used. Establish a simulation parameter scheme suitable for open-pit mine bench blasting to conduct numerical simulation research. Comparing the numerical simulation results with the actual blasting effect on site, with the goal of mining blasting fragmentation and blasting vibration, the optimisation plan for open-pit mining bench blasting parameters is verified. Practical application was carried out in Qidashan open-pit mine, a computer vision and blasting vibration analysis system was used to collect and analyse on-site data. The production operation was carried out according to the optimised hole network parameters, which significantly improved the blasting effect of Qidashan open-pit mine. The annual average cost of drilling and pyrotechnic equipment was saved by about 11.85 million yuan, verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the research plan.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Xingfan Zhang
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Xiaobo Liu
3
Hongdi Jing
2
ORCID: ORCID
Miao Yu
2 3
Hao Wu
4

  1. University of Science and Technology Beijing, School of Resources and Security Engineering, Beijing 100083, China
  2. Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Shenyang 110016, China
  3. University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Qianshanwan Mining Laboratory, Anshan 110325, China
  4. Northeastern University, School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Shenyang 110819, China

Abstrakt

Based on the engineering background of roof-cutting and retaining roadway working face in Dingji Coal Mine of Huainan, the stress characteristics of the floor and the stress transfer mechanism caused by mining in the process of retaining roadway are studied. The stress in the roadway and the roadway after roof-cutting is relieved, and the floor stress is symmetrically distributed. During the first mining period, the stress at 5 m of the roadway side is concentrated, and the high stress is transmitted to the floor through the coal body. The stress on the solid coal side is restored, and the large-scale pressure relief on the goaf side forms an asymmetric stress field. The vertical stress is transmitted to the floor through the ‘short cantilever‘ structure of the roof, and the ‘short cantilever‘ structure is characterised by high tension and low compression. As the gangue collapses, the bending subsidence of the overburden rock causes the key parts of the roof to rotate and sink, and the high additional load is transmitted to the floor through the coal side and the supporting body in the roadway, resulting in an increase in the stress on the floor of the retained roadway. After the goaf is compacted, the floor fully touches the gangue and shares the load with the key parts of the coal body and the roof.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Chen Li
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xinzhu Hua
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Peng Yang
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Xiao Liu
3
ORCID: ORCID
Jiyuan Yan
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Anhui University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Safe Mining of Deep Coal Resources and Environment Protection, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
  2. Anhui University of Science and Technology, Joint National-Local Engineering Research Centre for Safe and Precise Coal Mining, Huainan 232001, Anhui, China
  3. China Coal Technology and Engineering Group, Shenyang Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology, Fushun 113000, Liaoning, China

Abstrakt

To investigate the rock cuttability in a phosphate mine in China, conventional rock mechanical tests and rock indentation tests were conducted on specimens sampled from five different rock layers. Rock strength parameters and maximum rock cutting forces were determined. Subsequently, numerical simulation was employed to further investigate the rock cuttability of the selected rock specimen through the rock linear cutting test. Unlike rock indentation tests, which determine only the maximum rock cutting force based on a single cutting cycle, numerical simulations can enable the determination of the maximum cutting force, average cutting force and specific energy (SE). The numerical simulation results for the maximum rock cutting force showed a good agreement with the experimental results after calibrating the numerical model and parameters. The results indicate that the rock strength of the Chuanyandong Phosphate Mine ranges from 21 MPa to 145 MPa. The maximum cutting force ranges from 0.85 kN to 2.88 kN, with an average value of 1.93 kN. The SE of ore body b is 10 kWh/m3. Additionally, the numerical simulation shows that the volume of rock cutting fragments increases linearly with the cutting displacement, and there is a significant influence of cutting velocity on the simulated rock cutting performance. Finally, the rock cuttability of the phosphate mine was classified based on rock strengths, cutting forces, SE and instantaneous cutting rate (ICR) predictions. In general, the rock cuttability improves with the decrease of rock strength, cutting force and SE, while the increase of ICR.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jian Zhao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dan Huang
1
Zhijie Zheng
1
ORCID: ORCID
Guangzhe Zhang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Min Zhang
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Mining Engineering, BGRIMM Technology Group, No. 22 Beixing Road East, Daxing District, Beijing 102628, PR China
  2. Institute of Foundation Engineering, China Academy of Building Research, No. 30 Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100013, PR China
  3. Geotechnical Institute, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav‑Zeuner‑Straße 1, Freiberg 09599, Germany

Abstrakt

This study investigates floor stability in underground coal mining, considering the coupled effects of backfilling and confined aquifer pressure. Using a North China coal mine’s 9101 fully mechanised mining face as a case study, a formula for maximum floor failure depth under confined water pressure was derived using the zero-position failure principle and superposition. A numerical model was developed to analyse how vertical stress, permeability, porosity, and pore water pressure in the floor evolve with varying backfill rates. The interrelationship of these parameters at different floor locations was analysed to determine how backfilling impacts the effective impermeable layer thickness and overall floor stability. Results show the theoretical formula accurately predicts the plastic zone height; increasing mining face advancement increases maximum vertical stress, but this stress negatively correlates with backfill rate; higher backfill rates reduce permeability (up to 45%); at 120 m advancement, the increased porosity zones in the caving method aquiclude and the Ordovician aquifer show a connection, but higher backfill rates significantly reduce overall porosity; increased backfill rates lower pore water pressure, reducing the plastic zone and confined water rise; floor stress and permeability are negatively correlated, while porosity increases due to mining; and the water inrush face experienced both pore water pressure increase and recovery zones. This research provides a theoretical foundation for safely mining coal above deep confined aquifers.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Cheng Lichao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Li Lei
1
ORCID: ORCID
Li Xinwang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Di Lei
Peng Shoujian
2
ORCID: ORCID
Yang Daming
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hao Yunde
1
Li Zhenrui
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Hebei University of Engineering, Handan Technology Innovation Center for Large-scale Utilization of Coal-Based Solid Waste, Handan 056038, Hebei, China
  2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

Abstrakt

The study focuses on the analysis of pore structure and the determination of CO2 adsorption properties of different rank coals originating from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Measurements were performed using a low-pressure volumetric apparatus ASAP 2020, Micromeritics, for sample porosity characterisation, and a gravimetric analyser IGA-001, Hiden Isochema, for gas adsorption measurements in the range of elevated adsorbate pressures. CO2 adsorption isotherms were determined in the CO2 pressure and temperature, 0-100 kPa at 0°C and 0-1200 kPa at 30°C, respectively. Coal investigations were complemented by microscopic, technical and densimetric analyses. CO2 adsorption studies showed the absence of a universal model that adequately describes both low-pressure and elevated-pressure processes. Adoption of the Langmuir-Freundlich model proved appropriate for most coals (5 of 6), while for one sample (CR2), a better fit was obtained with the Freundlich model. The analyses confirmed differences in the pore structure and CO₂ adsorption properties of coals with different rank. With increasing degree of coalification, an increase in specific surface area and micropore volume was observed. All coals exhibited narrow micropores with sizes <0.7 nm (ultramicropores). Analysis of pore size distributions by the DFT method showed that the porous structure of the coals was crucial for assessing CO2 adsorption performance and the transport properties of coal. The diffusion rate was not limited by the high rank of coal but rather by the structural heterogeneity of the pores, which could be detected by analysing the pore size distribution.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Barbara Dutka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Sułkowska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Strata Mechanics Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 27 Reymonta Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland

Instrukcja dla autorów

General information


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Archives of Mining Sciences (AMS) is concerned with original research, new developments and case studies in all fields of mining sciences which include:

- mining technologies,

- stability of mine workings,

- rock mechanics,

- geotechnical engineering and tunnelling,

- mineral processing,

- mining and engineering geology,

- mining geophysics,

- mining geodesy

- ventilation systems,

- environmental protection in mining,

- economical aspects in mining,

- mining machine science.

Papers are welcomed on all relevant topics and especially on theoretical developments, analytical methods, numerical methods, rock testing, site investigation, and case studies.


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References should be typed on separate pages and numbered consecutively applying the system accepted by the Quarterly (initials and names all authors, title of the article (obligatory), journal title [abbreviated according to the Journal Title Abbreviations of Web of Science: http://library.caltech.edu/reference/abbreviations/ everyone abbreviation should be end with a dot - example. Arch. Metall. Mater.] or book title; journal volume or book publisher; page spread; publication year in bracket, full DOI number).

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Samples

Journals:

[1] L.B. Magalas, Development of High-Resolution Mechanical Spectroscopy, HRMS: Status and Perspectives. HRMS Coupled with a Laser Dilatometer . Arch. Metall. Mater. 60 (3), 2069-2076 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/AMM-2015-0350

[2] E. Pagounis, M.J. Szczerba, R. Chulist, M. Laufenberg, Large Magnetic Field-Induced Work output in a NiMgGa Seven-Lavered Modulated Martensite. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 152407 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4933303

[3] H. Etschmaier, H. Torwesten, H. Eder, P. Hadley, Suppression of Interdiffusion in Copper/Tin thin Films. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. (2012). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-011-0090-2.

Books:

[4] K.U. Kainer (Ed.), Metal Matrix Composites, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2006).

[5] K. Szacilowski, Infochemistry: Information Processing at the Nanoscale, Wiley (2012).

[6] L. Reimer, H. Kohl, Transmission Electron Microscopy: Physics of Image Formation, Springer, New York (2008).

Proceedings or chapter in books with editor(s):

[7] R. Major, P. Lacki, R. Kustosz, J. M. Lackner, Modelling of nanoindentation to simulate thin layer behavior, in: K. J. Kurzydłowski, B. Major, P. Zięba (Eds.), Foundation of Materials Design 2006, Research Signpost (2006).

Internet resource:

[8] https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/crystallographic-databases, accessed: 17.04.2017

Academic thesis (PhD, MSc):

[9] T. Mitra, PhD thesis, Modeling of Burden Distribution in the Blast Furnace, Abo Akademi University, Turku/Abo, Finland (2016).


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