@ARTICLE{Nawrocki_Wiesław_Influence_2005,
 author={Nawrocki, Wiesław and Piasek, Zbigniew},
 volume={vol. 54},
 number={No 2},
 journal={Geodesy and Cartography},
 pages={69-79},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2005},
 publisher={Commitee on Geodesy PAS},
 abstract={A geo-radar method is used for detection of underground installations with the use of electromagnetic waves. Results of investigations of installations depend on physical properties of soil media, which properties result in suppression, reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves. Three parameters, electric permittivity E, magnetic permittivity μ and the medium conductivity a play the major role in establishing electric features of a material medium. Suppression of the electromagnetic wave has the basic influence on detection of underground installations with the use of the geo-radar, and, in particular, on the depth range of the method. Relation between designing parameters of the geo-radar equipment and its depth range is determined by the basic equation of the geo-radar method. Solution of the basic equation of the geo-radar method for the needs of detection of underground installations requires performing experimental measurements. Measurements of the maximum depth of detection of underground installations with the use of the geo-radar have been performed in media of known physical properties, i.e. in the air, water and water solutions of NaCl of various concentrations. Two steel pipes of diameters of</!= 0.03 m and O. l Om were the objects for testing. Measurements were performed with the use of antennae of frequencies of !OOO MHz and 200 MHz. The results obtained in the form of echograms were analysed in order to determine the maximum distances for which the tested pipes were recorded. Experiments allowed to state that the maximum measurements of the depth range of the geo-radar equipment is rapidly decreased with the decrease of the background's specific resistance below 50 Qm. An increase of the soil resistance above 500 Q m results in slight increase of the depth range of measurements. Tests and analyses performed concerned homogenous media, i.e. metal installations, for which the electromagnetic wave is fully reflected.},
 type={Article},
 title={Influence of physical properties of a soil medium on locating with the use of geo-radar of underground installations},
 URL={http://www.journals.pan.pl/Content/121287/PDF/4_GK_VOL_54_NO_2_2005_Nawrocki_Wplyw.pdf},
 keywords={Geo-radar, locating underground installations, depth range, dielectric constant, suppression of electromagnetic waves},
}