@ARTICLE{Patrzałek_Anna_Participation_2003,
 author={Patrzałek, Anna},
 volume={vol. 29},
 number={No 2},
 pages={57-65},
 journal={Archives of Environmental Protection},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2003},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={Long-term studies were performed on the development of plant communities in dumping grounds after hard coal mining. The communities were initiated by sowing grass seeds either directly in the ground with mineral fertilizing, or on separate surfaces covered with a layer of soil. The development of plant communities was assessed in various time intervals within the 30-year period. The studies concerning flora applied the Braun-Blanguet method, as well as botanical-gravimetric method. The size of biomass of surface herbaceous plants has been determined in a gravimetric manner. Plant communities with the participation of Festuca ovina initially make up monocultures, while their further development after 30 years led to the tree development of turf-like community with Betu/a verucosa and Pinus sylvestris. Such a community shows signs of substantial durability and high usability. Short-lasting grass types initiate the development of communities with Calamagrostis epigejos. On the ground covered with a layer of mineral soil the initial development of plant communities depended upon: bank of seeds in the ground, air and water conditions formed and trophic properties of the soil. Depletion of nutrients resulted in lowered production of biomass, while its collection enriched flora composition of the community, enabling the growth and development of short heliophilous plan. Depletion of plants nutrients, as well as accumulation of unmoved green biomass enabled the expansive species of Calamagrostis epigejos to settle in plant communities. The recognized natural processes in difficult habitats, initiated by grass sowing, provide the basis for correct biological reclamation of lands of Carboniferous rock waste.},
 type={Artykuł},
 title={Participation of Grasses t Development of Plant Communities in Difficult Habitats},
 URL={http://www.journals.pan.pl/Content/123732/PDF/9_AE_VOL_29_2003_Patrzalek_Udzial.pdf},
 keywords={grass species and varieties, difficult habitats, biological land reclamation, plant communities, Carboniferous waste dumping sites},
}