@ARTICLE{Mohamad_M._Extraction_2022,
 author={Mohamad, M. and Ibrahim, H.A. and Nasir, M.F.M. and Mohidem, N.A. and Shoparwe, N.F. and Teo, P.T. and Masri, M.N. and Irfan, A.R.},
 volume={vol. 67},
 number={No 3},
 journal={Archives of Metallurgy and Materials},
 pages={1061-1066},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2022},
 publisher={Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences},
 publisher={Committee of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy of Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={Tannic acid or tannin, type of phenolic compound contains in kenaf bast fibre. Conventional extraction has certain limitations in terms of time, energy, and solvent consumption. Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) can extract bioactive components in shorter time, low temperature, with lesser energy and solvent requirement. UAE as alternative extraction technique is better equipped to retain the functionality of the bioactive compounds. In this study, the conditions for ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) of tannic acid from kenaf bast fibre by assessing the effect of sonication time and different duty cycles were optimized. The use of ultrasound to extract tannic acid from kenaf bast fiber was evaluated. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was carried out using ethanol as solvent to intensify the extraction efficacy. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify the presence of tannic acid in extracts. The extracts then were analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It was found that 0.2429 mg/mL of tannic acid was obtained under the extraction conditions of extraction temperature of 40℃, sonication time of 20 minutes and duty cycle of 50%. From SEM analysis, it was found that the raw sample demonstrated rough surface and no porous but kenaf bast fibre display smoother surface with less impurities and few pores appeared after the extraction process using UAE. These results indicate that ultrasound-assisted extraction is an efficient method for extracting tannic acid from kenaf bast fibre with the advantages of lower extraction time and higher extraction yield.},
 type={Article},
 title={Extraction of Tannic Acid from Kenaf Bast Fibre using Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction},
 URL={http://www.journals.pan.pl/Content/124059/PDF-MASTER/AMM-2022-3-34-Mohamad.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/amm.2022.139703},
 keywords={Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE), sonication time, Duty Cycle, Extraction Process, Kenaf Bast Fibre},
}