@ARTICLE{Kłos_Kaja_Carbonation_2023,
 author={Kłos, Kaja and Adamczewski, Grzegorz and Woyciechowski, Piotr and Łukowski, Paweł},
 volume={vol. 69},
 number={No 1},
 journal={Archives of Civil Engineering},
 pages={119-129},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2023},
 publisher={WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING and COMMITTEE FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES},
 abstract={The article discusses the physical and chemical mechanisms of the carbonation phenomenon itself, as well as points out the synergistic effect of frost destruction and concrete carbonation on reinforced concrete elements. Examples of structural damage from engineering practice in the diagnosis of reinforced concrete structures are presented. Two cases of frost and carbonation damage of precast reinforced concrete elements are analyzed. It was noted that the most common cause of damage to concrete structures is the lack of frost resistance. Carbonation of concrete leads to deprivation of the protective properties of the concrete lagging against the reinforcing steel. The examples cited include precast elements that, for technical reasons, had a relatively small lagging thickness. The first one relates to the thin walled elevation elements, which are exploited during 60 years and the second relates to the energetic poles with very advanced concrete corrosion damage. The examples given of corrosion of concrete and reinforcement of elements indicate that synergistic environmental interactions can intensify the destruction of elements.},
 type={Article},
 title={Carbonation of concrete cover of reinforcement as a cause of loss of durability of structures},
 URL={http://www.journals.pan.pl/Content/126825/PDF-MASTER/art08_int.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/ace.2023.144163},
 keywords={carbonation of concrete, corrosion of concrete, cover of reinforcement, durability of structures, frost resistance of concrete, synergy of frost and carbonation resistance},
}