TY - JOUR N2 - APNB (alkaline phenolic no bake), widely known as Alphaset is one of the major sand binder systems used in foundries to make molds and cores without application of heat or gas. This is a two part system comprising of a phenol-formaldehyde resin in alkaline medium as binder and range of esters of dibasic acids and/or polyhydric alcohols as hardeners. Resin performance varies depending upon formulations. Major variables in formulations are mole ratio of phenol: formaldehyde, total alkali content, ratio of two alkalis (NaOH & KOH) and molecular weight of polymers i.e. chain length. In present work, one mole ratio of phenol & formaldehyde has been chosen to prepare 8 resins with following details. Table 1. Physical and chemical properties of eight (fresh) resins, A to H Properties A B C D E F G H Viscosity at 30°C (mPs-a) 56 47 66 51 39 44 49 52 Na (%) 5.94 3.21 5.94 3.21 nil 2.73 nil 2.73 K (%) nil 3.31 nil 3.31 7.18 3.87 7.18 3.87 Molecular weight Low Low High High Low Low High High Gel Time at 121°C, mt-sec 27-0 29-30 24-0 30-0 30-0 27-30 26-30 26-0 Moisture (%) 52.43 52.42 53.01 53.75 55.58 54.12 51.61 54.03 Non-volatile Content (%) 48.74 47.25 49.10 49.35 47.63 47.32 48.06 48.29 Specific Gravity 1.182 1.177 1.183 1.180 1.172 1.184 1.178 1.188 Free Phenol (%) 0.47 0.42 0.44 0.43 0.37 0.27 0.41 0.20 Properties of these 8 formulations have been studied for strength and viscosity over a period of 12 weeks in 4 week interval. Attempt has been made to develop a simple test for simulating hot & retained strength of molds in laboratory. Process followed for chasing hot and retained strength is described under clause 2. With more and more understanding of the chemistry of alphaset system in last three & half decades it has been possible to identify role of variables contributing towards specific properties vis a vis developing tailor made formulations to fulfill requirements of individual foundries right from mold making to de coring. L1 - http://www.journals.pan.pl/Content/116501/PDF/AFE%204_2020_03.pdf L2 - http://www.journals.pan.pl/Content/116501 PY - 2020 IS - No 4 EP - 28 DO - 10.24425/afe.2020.133343 KW - Alkaline phenolic no-bake KW - Variables KW - Ageing KW - strength A1 - Ghosh, D.K. PB - The Katowice Branch of the Polish Academy of Sciences VL - vol. 20 DA - 2020.10.12 T1 - Modern Alphaset (APNB) Flexible Formulations-Enhanced Performance SP - 18 UR - http://www.journals.pan.pl/dlibra/publication/edition/116501 T2 - Archives of Foundry Engineering ER -