Abdalhamed AM, Zeedan GSG, Zeina HAAA (2018) Isolation and identification of bacteria causing mastitis in small ruminants and their susceptibility to antibiotics, honey, essential oils, and plant extracts. Vet World 11: 355-362.

Ahmed G, Timms LL, Morrical DG, Brackelsberg PO (1992) Dynamics and significance of ovine subclinical intramammary infections and their effects on lamb performance. Sheep Res J 8: 25-29.

Alba DF, da Rosa G, Hanauer D, Saldanha TF, Souza CF, Baldissera MD, Da Silva dos Santos D, Piovezan AP, Girardini LK, Da Silva AS (2019) Subclinical mastitis in Lacaune Sheep: causative agents, impacts on milk production, milk quality, oxidative profiles and treatment efficacy of Ceftiofur. Microb Pathog 137: 103732.

Alekish MO, Alshehabat MA, Abutarbush SM (2014) The prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis in Awassi sheep; emphasis on the relationship between the ısolated organisms and the somatic cell count. EJVM 8: 1-13.

Al-Majali AM, Jawabieh S (2003) Period prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis in Awassi sheep in Southern Jordan. Small Rumin Res 47: 243-248.

Attili AR, Preziuso S, Ngwa VN, Cantalamessa A, Moriconi M, Cuteri V (2016) Clinical evaluation of the use of Enrofloxacin against staphylococcus aureus clinical mastitis in sheep. Small Rumin Res 136: 72-77.

Bauer AW, Kirby WM, Sherris JC, Turck M (1996) Antibiotic susceptibility testing by standardised single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol 45: 493–6.

Bergonier D, Berthelot X (2003) New advances in epizootiology and control of ewe mastitis. Livest Prod Sci 79: 1-16.

Berthelot X, Lagriffoul G, Concordet D, Barillet F, Bergonier D (2006) Physiological and pathological thresholds of somatic cell counts in ewe milk. Small Rumin Res 62: 27-31.

Bradley AJ (2002) Bovine mastitis: an evolving disease. Vet J 164: 116-128.

Caboni P, Manis C, Ibba I, Contu M, Coroneo V, Scano P (2017) Compositional profile of ovine milk with a high somatic cell count: a metabolomics approach. Int Dairy J 69: 33-39.

Contreras GA, Rodríguez JM (2011) Mastitis: comparative etiology and epidemiology. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 16: 339-356.

da Silva ER, Siqueira AP, Martins JC, Ferreira WP, da Silva N (2004) Identification and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus species isolated from goat mastitis in the Northeast of Brazil. Small Rumin Res 55: 45-49.

Daniel WW (1999) Biostatistics: a foundation for analysis in the health sciences. 7th ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Dore S, Liciardi M, Amatiste S, Bergagnacy S, Bolzoni G, Caligiuri V, Cerrone A, Farina G, Montagna CO, Saletti MA, Scatassa ML, Sotgiu G, Cannas EA (2016) Survey on small ruminant bacterial mastitis in Italy, 2003-2014. Small Rum Res 141: 91-93.

El-Jakee J, Hableel HS, Kandil M, Hassan OF, Khairy EA, Marouf SA (2013) Antibiotic resistance patterns of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from mastitic cows and ewes in Egypt. Glob Vet 10: 264-270.

Ergun Y, Aslantas O, Dogruer G, Kirecci E, Sarıbay MK, Ates CT, Ulku A, Demir C (2009) Prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis in Awassi dairy ewes in Southern Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 33: 5.

Fragkou IA, Boscos CM, Fthenakis GC (2014) Diagnosis of clinical or subclinical mastitis in ewes. Small Rumin Res 118: 86-92.

Gebrewahid TT, Abera BH, Menghistu HT (2012) Prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis in small ruminants of Tigray Regional State, North Ethiopia. Vet World 5: 103-109.

Gelasakis AI, Mavrogianni VS, Petridis IG, Vasileiou NG, Fthenakis GC (2015) Mastitis in sheep–the last 10 years and the future of research. Vet Microbiol 181: 136-146.

Gokhan M, Gulaydin O (2020) Prevalance and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial species isolated from ovine clinical mastitis cases in Van province. Etlik Vet Mikrobiyol Derg 31: 39-46.

Guler L, Ok U, Gunduz K, Gulcu Y, Hadimli HH (2005) Antimicrobial susceptibility and coagulase gene typing of Staphylococcus aureus ısolated from bovine clinical mastitis cases in Turkey. J Dairy Sci 88: 3149-3154.

Hariharan H, Donachie W, Macaldowie C, Keefe G (2004) Bacteriology and somatic cell counts in milk samples from ewes on a Scottish farm. Can J Vet Res 68: 188-192.

Harmon RJ (2001) Somatic cell count: A primer. In: Annual Meeting National Mastitis Council Reno, Proceedings. Madison: National Mastitis Council 40: 3-9.

Hawari AD, Obeidat M, Awaisheh SS, Al-Daghistani HI, Al-Abbadi AA, Omar SS, Qrunfleh IM, Al-Dmoor HM, El-Qudah J (2014) Prevalence of mastitis pathogens and their resistance against antimicrobial agents in Awassi sheep in Al-Balqa Province of Jordan. Am J Anim Vet Sci 9: 116-121.

Holko I, Tančin V, Tvarožková K, Supuka P, Supuková A, Mačuhová L (2019) Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of common udder pathogens ısolated from sheep milk in Slovakia. Potr Slov J F and Sci 13: 258-261.

Jones JE (1984) An Investigation of Mastitis in Sheep in Cyprus. Report to the Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Nicosia, p 47.

Kaskous S, Farschtschi S, Pfaffl MW (2022) Physiological aspects of milk somatic cell count in small ruminants – A Review. Dairy 4: 26-42.

Kern G, Traulsen I, Kemper N, Krieter J (2013) Analysis of somatic cell counts and risk factors associated with occurrence of bacteria in ewes of different primary purposes. Livest Sci 157: 597-604.

Kiossis E, Brozos CN, Petridou E, Boscos C (2007) Program for the control of subclinical mastitis in dairy Chios breed ewes during lactation. Small Rumin Res 73: 194-199.

Kunz F, Corti S, Giezendanner N, Stephan R, Wittenbrink MM, Zweifel C (2011) Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococci isolated from mastitis milk samples from sheep and goats. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 153: 63-69.

Leitner G, Silanikove N, Merin U (2008) Estimate of milk and curd yield loss of sheep and goat with intrammamary infection and its relation to somatic cell count. Small Rumin Res 74: 221-225.

Lollai SA, Ziccheddu M, Di Mauro C, Manunta D, Nudda A, Leori G (2008) Profile and evolution of antimicrobial resistance of ovine mastitis pathogens (1995-2004). Small Rumin Res 74: 249–254.

Martins HB, Selis ND, Nascimento FS, de Carvalho SP, Gusmão LD, Nascimento JD, Brito AK, de Souza SI, de Oliveira MV, Timenetsky J, Yatsuda R, Uetanabaro AP, Marques LM (2017) Anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil citral in experimental infection with Staphylococcus aureus in a model air pouch. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2017: 2505610.

Maurer J, Schaeren W (2007) Udder health and somatic cell count in ewes. Agrarforschung 14: 162-167.

Mavrogenis AP, Koumas A, Kakoyiannis CK, Taliotis CH (1995) Use of somatic cell counts for the detection of subclinical mastitis in sheep. Small Rumin Res 17: 79-84.

McDougall S, Pankey W, Delaney C, Barlow J, Murdough PA, Scruton D (2002) Prevalence and incidence of subclinical mastitis in goats and dairy ewes in Vermont, USA. Small Rumin Res 46: 115-121.

Moawad AA, Osman SA (2005) Prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis in dairy ewes at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Assiut Vet Med J 51: 1-15.

Moroni P, Pisoni G, Varisco G, Boettcher P (2007) Effect of intramammary infection in Bergamasca meat sheep on milk parameters and lamb growth. J Dairy Res 74: 340-344.

Naccari F, Martino D, Giofrè F, Passantino A, De Montis P (2003) Therapeutic efficacy of Tilmicosin in ovine mammary infections. Small Rumin Res 47: 1-9.

Novick JR, William J (1989). Development of in vitro susceptibility testing criteria and quality control parameters. Clin. Microbiol. Newsl 11: 60-62.

Nunes GR, Blagitz MG, Freitas CB, Souza FN, Ricciardi M, Stricagnolo CR, Sanches BG, Azedo MR, Sucupira MC, Della Libera AM (2008) Evaluation of the indicators of inflammation in the diagnosis of ovine mastitis. Arq Inst Biol 75: 271-281.

Olivares-Pérez J, Kholif AE, Rojas-Hernández S, Elghandour MM, Salem AZM, Bastida AZ, Velázquez-Reynoso D, Cipriano-Salazar M, Camacho-Díaz LM, María Uxúa Alonso-Fresán MU, DiLorenzo N (2015) Prevalence of bovine subclinical mastitis, its etiology and diagnosis of antibiotic resistance of dairy farms in four municipalities of a tropical region of Mexico. Trop Anim Health Prod 47: 1497-1504.

Oliver SP, Murinda SE (2012) Antimicrobial resistance of mastitis pathogens. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Prat 28: 165-185.

Ozenc E, Seker E, Baki Acar D, Birdane MK, Darbaz I, Dogan N (2011) The importance of Staphylococci and threshold value of somatic cell count for diagnosis of sub-clinical mastitis in Pirlak sheep at mid-lactation. Reprod Domest Anim 46: 970-974.

Paterna A, Contreras A, Gómez-Martín A, Amores J, Tatay-Dualde J, Prats-van der Ham M, Corrales JC, Sanchez A, De la Fe C (2014) The Diagnosis of mastitis and contagious agalactia in dairy goats. Small Rumin Res 121: 36-41.

Petersson-Wolfe CS, Mullarky IK, Jones GM (2010) Staphylococcus Aureus Mastitis: Cause, Detection, and Control; VirginiaTech: Blacksburg, VA, USA, 2010.

Podhorecka K, Borkova M, Sulc M, Seydlova R, Dragounova H, Svejcarova M, Peroutkova J, Elich O (2021) Somatic cell count in goat milk: an indirect quality indicator. FoodS 10: 1046.

Queiroga MC (2017) Prevalence and aetiology of sheep mastitis in Alentejo regions of Portugal. Small Rumin Res 153: 123-130.

Quinn PJ, Markey BK, Leonard FC, Fitzpatrick ES, Fanning S, Hartigan PJ (2011) Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease, 2nd ed. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 837-850.

Quinn PJ, Markey BK, Carter ME, Donelly WJ, Leonard FC (2002) Veterinary Microbiology and Microbial Disease, Blackwell Science Ltd, a Blackwell Publishing Company, 465 475.

Rall VL, Miranda ES, Castilho IG, Camargo CH, Langoni H, Guimarães FF, Araújo Júnior JP, Fernandes Júnior A (2014) Diversity of Staphylococcus species and prevalence of enterotoxin genes isolated from milk of healthy cows and cows with subclinical mastitis. J Dairy Sci 97: 829-837.

Raynal-Ljutovac K, Pirisi A, De Crémoux R, Gonzalo C (2007) Somatic cells of goat and sheep milk: analytical sanitary, productive and technological aspects. Small Rumin Res 68: 126-144.

Riggio V, Pesce LL, Morreale S, Portolano B (2013) Receiveroperating characteristic curves for somatic cell scores and california mastitis test in Valle del Belice dairy sheep. Vet J 196: 528-532.

Sevi A, Albenzio M, Taibi L, Dantone D, Massa S, Annicchiarico G (1999) Changes of somatic cell count through lactation and their effects on nutritional, renneting and bacteriological characteristics of ewe’s milk. Adv Food Sci 21: 122-127.

Stocco G, Summer A, Cipolat-Gotet C, Zanini L, Vairani D, Dadousis C, Zecconi A (2020) Differential somatic cell count as a novel indicator of milk quality in dairy cows. Animals (Basel) 10: 753.

Świderek WP, Charon KM, Winnicka A, Gruszczyńska J, Pierzchała M (2016) Physiological threshold of somatic cell count in milk of polish heath sheep and polish lowland sheep. Ann Anim Sci 16: 155-170.

Tvarožková K, Tančin V, Holko I, Uhrinčať M, Mačuhová L (2019) Mastitis in ewes: somatic cell counts, pathogens and antibiotic resistance. J Microbiol Biotech Food Sci 9: 661-670.

Tvarožková K, Tančin V, Uhrincat M, Hleba L, Mačuhová L (2020) Mastitis pathogens and somatic cell count in ewes milk. Potravinarstvo Slovak J Food Sci 14: 164-169.

Tvarozkova K, Vasicek J, Uhrinca M, Macuhova L, Hleba L, Tancin V (2021) The presence of pathogens in milk of ewes in relation to the somatic cell count and subpopulations of leukocytes. Czech J Anim Sci 66: 315-322.

Vasıľ M, Elečko J, Farkašová Z, Zigo F (2018) Development of resistance to antibiotics in bacteria Staphylococcus sp. isolated from milk samples in the sheep breedings on East of Slovakia. Potravinarstvo Slovak J Food Sci 12: 273-278.

Vasileiou NG, Cripps PJ, Ioannidi KS, Chatzopoulos DC, Gougoulis DA, Sarrou S, Orfanou DC, Politis AP, Gonzalez-Valerio TC, Argyros S, Mavrogianni VS, Petinaki E, Fthenakis GC (2018) Extensive countrywide field investigation of subclinical mastitis in sheep in Greece. J Dairy Sci 101: 7297-7310.

Wald R, Hess C, Urbantke V, Wittek T, Baumgartner M (2019) Characterization of Staphylococcus species isolated from bovine quarter milk samples. Animals (Basel) 9: 200.

Zafalon LF, Santana RC, Pilon LE, Fim Júnior GA (2016) Diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in Santa Ines and Morada Nova sheep in Southeastern Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 48: 967-72.

Zdragas A, Tsakos P, Kotzamanidis C, Anatoliotis K, Tsaknakis I (2005) Outbreak of mastitis in ewes caused by Streptococcus Agalactiae. J Hellenic Vet Med Society 6: 114-121.

Zigo F, Vasiľ M, Kadáši M, Elečko J, Farkašová Z (2011) Bacteria Staphylococcus spp. izolated from mastitis of sheep and their enterotoxigenic properties. Potravinarstvo 5: 70-72.