Alkushi AG, Elazab ST, Abdelfattah-Hassan A, Mahfouz H, Salem GA, Sheraiba NI, Mohamed EAA, Attia MS, El-Shetry ES, Saleh AA, Elsawy NA, Ibrahim D (2022) Multi-Strain-Probiotic-Loaded Nanoparticles Reduced Colon Inflammation and Orchestrated the Expressions of Tight Junction, NLRP3 Inflammasome and Caspase-1 Genes in DSS-Induced Colitis Model. Pharmaceutics 14.

Anselmo AC, McHugh KJ, Webster J, Langer R, Jaklenec A (2016) Layer‐by‐Layer Encapsulation of Probiotics for Delivery to the Microbiome. Advanced Materials 28: 9486-9490.

Asgari S, Pourjavadi A, Licht TR, Boisen A, Ajalloueian F (2020) Polymeric carriers for enhanced delivery of probiotics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 161-162: 1-21.

Babot JD, Argañaraz-Martínez E, Apella MC, Perez Chaia A (2023) Microencapsulation of Probiotics with Soy Protein Isolate and Alginate for the Poultry Industry. Food Bioproc Tech 16: 1478-1487.

Baindara P, Chakraborty R, Holliday ZM, Mandal SM, Schrum AG (2021) Oral probiotics in coronavirus disease 2019: connecting the gut-lung axis to viral pathogenesis, inflammation, secondary infection and clinical trials. New Microbes New Infect 40: 100837.

Barszcz M, Tuśnio A, Taciak M (2024) Poultry nutrition. Physical Sciences Reviews 9: 611-650.

Bilal M, Si W, Barbe F, Chevaux E, Sienkiewicz O, Zhao X (2021) Effects of novel probiotic strains of Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus subtilis on production, gut health, and immunity of broiler chickens raised under suboptimal conditions. Poult Sci 100: 100871.

Cao J, Cheng J, Xi S, Qi X, Shen S, Ge Y (2019) Alginate/
/chitosan microcapsules for in-situ delivery of the protein, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), for the treatment of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in a mouse model. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 137: 112-121.

Chan ES, Zhang Z (2005) Bioencapsulation by compression coating of probiotic bacteria for their protection in an acidic medium. Process Biochemistry 40: 3346-3351.

Chen S, Yong Y, Ju X (2021) Effect of heat stress on growth and production performance of livestock and poultry: Mechanism to prevention. J Therm Biol 99: 103019.

de Oliveira GLV, Oliveira CNS, Pinzan CF, de Salis LVV, Cardoso CR de B (2021) Microbiota Modulation of the Gut-Lung Axis in COVID-19. Front Immunol 12: 635471.

Dibner JJ, Richards JD (2005) Antibiotic growth promoters in agriculture: history and mode of action. Poult Sci 84: 634-643.

Dong ZL, Wang YW, Song D, Hou YJ, Wang WW, Qi WT, Yun TT, Li AK (2016) The effects of dietary supplementation of pre-microencapsulated Enterococcus fecalis and the extract of Camellia oleifera seed on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and intestinal mucosal immune functions in broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 212: 42-51.

Dong ZL, Wang YW, Song D, Wang WW, Liu KB, Wang L, Li AK (2019) Effects of microencapsulated probiotics and plant extract on antioxidant ability, immune status and caecal microflora in Escherichia coli K88-challenged broiler chickens. Food Agric Immunol 30: 1123-1134.

Fesseha H, Demlie T, Mathewos M, Eshetu E (2021) Effect of Lactobacillus Species Probiotics on Growth Performance of Dual-Purpose Chicken. Veterinary Medicine: Research and Reports Volume 12: 75-83.

Gharib-Naseri K, Dorigam JCP, Doranalli K, Morgan N, Swick RA, Choct M, Wu S-B (2021) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 improves performance and gut function in broilers fed different levels of protein and/or under necrotic enteritis challenge. Animal Nutrition 7: 185-197.

Gyawali I, Zeng Y, Zhou J, Li J, Wu T, Shu G, Jiang Q, Zhu C (2022) Effect of novel Lactobacillus paracaesi microcapsule on growth performance, gut health and microbiome community of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 101.

Han W, Zhang XL, Wang DW, Li LY, Liu GL, Li AK, Zhao YX (2013) Effects of microencapsulated Enterococcus fecalis CG1.0007 on growth performance, antioxidation activity, and intestinal microbiota in broiler chickens1. J Anim Sci 91: 4374-4382.

Hashem NM, Hosny NS, El-Desoky N, Soltan YA, Elolimy AA, Sallam SMA, Abu-Tor ESM (2023) Alginate Nanoencapsulated Synbiotic Composite of Pomegranate Peel Phytogenics and Multi-Probiotic Species as a Potential Feed Additive: Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities. Animals 13: 2432.

Hernández-Granados MJ, Ortiz-Basurto RI, Jiménez-Fernández M, García-Munguía CA, Franco-Robles E (2022) Dietary encapsulated Bifidobacterium animalis and Agave fructans improve growth performance, health parameters, and immune response in broiler chickens. Anim Biosci 35: 587-595.

Hill JM, Clement C, Pogue AI, Bhattacharjee S, Zhao Y, Lukiw WJ (2014) Pathogenic microbes, the microbiome, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Front Aging Neurosci 6: 127.

Ismail H, Ibrahim D, El Sayed S, Wahdan A, El-Tarabili RM, Rizk El-Ghareeb W, Abdullah Alhawas B, Alahmad BAHY, Abdel-Raheem SM, El-Hamid MIA (2023) Prospective Application of Nanoencapsulated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on Broiler Chickens’ Performance and Gut Health with Efficacy against Campylobacter jejuni Colonization. Animals 13: 775.

Jiang T, Li H-S, Han GG, Singh B, Kang S-K, Bok J-D, Kim D-D, Hong Z-S, Choi Y-J, Cho C-S (2017) Oral Delivery of Probiotics Using pH-Sensitive Tablets. J Microbiol Biotechnol 27: 739-746.

Kamwa R, Khurajog B, Muangsin N, Pupa P, Hampson DJ, Prapasarakul N (2024) Water-soluble microencapsulation using gum Arabic and skim milk enhances viability and efficacy of Pediococcus acidilactici probiotic strains for application in broiler chickens. Anim Biosci 37:1440-1451.

Krasaekoopt W, Bhandari B, Deeth H (2003) Evaluation of encapsulation techniques of probiotics for yoghurt. Int Dairy J 13: 3-13.

Lorenzo-Rebenaque L, Malik DJ, Catalá-Gregori P, Marin C, Sevilla-Navarro S (2022) Gastrointestinal Dynamics of Non-Encapsulated and Microencapsulated Salmonella Bacteriophages in Broiler Production. Animals 12.

Neveling DP, Dicks LMT (2021) Probiotics: an Antibiotic Replacement Strategy for Healthy Broilers and Productive Rearing. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 13: 1-11.

OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2023-2032 (2023) OECD. https: //www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-fao-agriculturaloutlook-2023-2032_08801ab7-en.html

Plaza-Diaz J, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Gil-Campos M, Gil A (2019) Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics. Adv Nutri 10: S49-S66.

Poorbaghi SL, Gheisari H, Dadras H, Sepehrimanesh M, Zolfaghari A (2016) Effects of Simple and Microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus With or Without Inulin on the Broiler Meat Quality Infected by Avian Influenza Virus (H9N2). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 8: 221-228.

Pradipta MS, Harimurti S, Widodo W (2019) Feed Supplementation with Encapsulated Indigenous Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Increased Broiler Chicken Performance. ASEAN J Sci Techno Dev 36: 29-34.

Qi W, Liang X, Yun T, Guo W (2019) Growth and survival of microencapsulated probiotics prepared by emulsion and internal gelation. J Food Sci Technol 56: 1398-1404.

Rajendran D, Ezhuthupurakkal PB, Lakshman R, Gowda NK, Manimaran A, Rao SB (2022) Application of encapsulated nano materials as feed additive in livestock and poultry: a review. Vet Res Commun 46: 315-328.

Rocha-Ramírez LM, Hernández-Ochoa B, Gómez-Manzo S, Marcial-Quino J, Cárdenas-Rodríguez N, Centeno-Leija S, García-Garibay M (2020) Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activities of the Heat-Killed Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus casei IMAU60214 on Macrophages In Vitro. Microorganisms 8: 79.

Rodklongtan A, La-ongkham O, Nitisinprasert S, Chitprasert P (2014) Enhancement of Lactobacillus reuteri KUB-AC5 survival in broiler gastrointestinal tract by microencapsulation with alginate-chitosan semi-interpenetrating polymer networks. J Appl Microbiol 117: 227-238.

Shahbazi R, Yasavoli-Sharahi H, Alsadi N, Ismail N, Matar C (2020) Probiotics in Treatment of Viral Respiratory Infections and Neuroinflammatory Disorders. Molecules 25: 4891.

Talani G, Biggio F, Mostallino MC, Locci V, Porcedda C, Boi L, Saolini E, Piras R, Sanna E, Biggio G (2020) Treatment with gut bifidobacteria improves hippocampal plasticity and cognitive behavior in adult healthy rats. Neuropharmacology 165: 107909.

Trabelsi I, Ktari N, Ben Slima S, Bouchaala K, Ben Salah R (2016) Effects of supplementation with L. plantarum TN8 encapsulated in alginate-chitosan in broiler chickens. Int J Biol Macromol 89: 677-681.

Vimon S, Angkanaporn K, Nuengjamnong C (2023a) Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum MB001 and its probiotic effect on growth performance, cecal microbiome and gut integrity of broiler chickens in a tropical climate. Anim Biosci 36: 1252-1262.

Vimon S, Kertsomboon T, Chirachanchai S, Angkanaporn K, Nuengjamnong C (2023b) Matrices-charges of agar-alginate crosslinked microcapsules via o/w microemulsion: A non-spore forming probiotic bacteria encapsulation system for extensive viability. Carbohydr Polym 321: 121302.

Wen P, Zong MH, Linhardt RJ, Feng K, Wu H (2017) Electrospinning: A novel nano-encapsulation approach for bioactive compounds. Trends Food Sci Technol 70: 56-68.

Wu H, Ding C, Ma X, Gao Z, Liu S, Liu B, Song S (2024) Microencapsulate Probiotics (MP) Promote Growth Performance and Inhibit Inflammatory Response in Broilers Challenged with Salmonella typhimurium. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 16: 623-635.

Yao M, Wu J, Li B, Xiao H, McClements DJ, Li L (2017) Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus salivarious Li01 for enhanced storage viability and targeted delivery to gut microbiota. Food Hydrocoll 72: 228-236.

Yazhini P, Visha P, Selvaraj P, Vasanthakumar P, Chandran V (2018) Dietary encapsulated probiotic effect on broiler serum biochemical parameters. Vet World 11: 1344-1348.

Yousefi M, Khanniri E, Shadnoush M, Khorshidian N, Mortazavian AM (2020) Development, characterization and in vitro antioxidant activity of chitosan-coated alginate microcapsules entrapping Viola odorata Linn. extract. Int J Biol Macromol 163: 44-54.

Zhang L, Li J, Yun TT, Qi WT, Liang XX, Wang YW, Li AK (2015) Effects of pre-encapsulated and pro-encapsulated Enterococcus faecalis on growth performance, blood characteristics, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 94: 2821-2830.

Zhang Y, Liu Y, Jiao S, Wang Y, Sa R, Zhao F, Xie J (2024) Short-term supplementation with uncoated and encapsulated Enterococcus faecium affected growth performance, gut microbiome and intestinal barrier integrity in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 103: 103808.