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Comparative assessment of Al2O3-modified biomasses from agricultural residues for nickel and cadmium removal

Adriana Herrera-Barros Candelaria Tejada-Tovar Angel D. Gonzalez-Delgado
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 49 | 29-34 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.137093
Keywords adsorption agricultural residues alumina nanoparticles cellulose heavy metal ions
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Abstract

The biodiversity of aqueous environments has been affected due to the disposal of wastewater highly contaminated with heavy metal ions, causing much damage to ecosystems. These pollutants are very toxic and bioaccumulate in living organisms. This work attempts to evaluate the adsorption of nickel ad cadmium ions using three biomasses from agricultur-al residues (corn cob – CC, orange peel – OP, and oil palm bagasse – PB) modified with alumina nanoparticles. The bio-masses were characterized via compositional analysis and a point of zero charges to quantify the presence of lignin, cellu-lose, hemicellulose, and the feasible pH, taking advantage of the biomass charge. After modification with Al2O3 nanoparti-cles. The resulting adsorbents were characterized via FT-IR analysis to identify the functional groups that most contributed to the adsorption performance. Furthermore, the influence of Al2O3 nanoparticles was analysed on the adsorption capacities of the evaluated biomasses using batch systems at a temperature of 25°C and pH 6. All biomasses displayed a high content of cellulose, estimating a weight percentage of about 19.9%, 14.3%, and 13.1% for PB, OP, and CC samples, respectively. The FT-IR spectrum confirmed hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups, which contribute to enhancing the adsorption capacities of the modified biomasses. Functional adsorption capacity was observed for all biomasses after modification with Al2O3 nanoparticles, achieving at pH 6.0 a cadmium removal from 92% (CC-Al2O3 and PB-Al2O3) up to 95.8±0.3% (OP-Al2O3). In nickel ions, it was estimated a broader adsorption capacity at pH 6.0 of about 86±0.4% after using the CC-Al2O3 sample, 88±0.1% for the PB-Al2O3 adsorbent, and 98±0.2% for the OP-Al2O3 sample, confirming the suitability of these Al2O3-modified biomasses for the removal of heavy metal ions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adriana Herrera-Barros
1
ORCID: ORCID
Candelaria Tejada-Tovar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Angel D. Gonzalez-Delgado
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Cartagena, Avenida del Consulado Calle 30 No. 48-152, Cartagena, Bolívar, Colombia

Waterlogging tolerance: A review on regulative morpho-physiological homeostasis of crop plants

Shubhangani Sharma Jyotshana Sharma Vineet Soni Hazem M. Kalaji Nabil I. Elsheery
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 49 | 16-28 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.137092
Keywords antioxidants cellular metabolites climate change photosynthesis waterlogging
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Abstract

The natural environment is being drastically affected by climate change. Under these severe environmental conditions, the growth and productivity of agricultural crops have reduced. Due to unpredictable rainfall, crops growing in the field are often exposed to waterlogging. This leads to significant crop damage and production losses. In this review paper, the mor-phological and physiological adaptations such as development of aerenchyma, adventitious roots, radial root oxygen loss barrier, and changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of crops under waterlogging are discussed. This will help to understand the effects of waterlogging on various crops and their adaptation that promotes crop growth and productivity. To meet the food requirements of a growing population, the development of waterlogging tolerant crops by screening and plant breeding methods is necessary for plant breeders. Better knowledge of physiological mechanisms in response to waterlogging will facilitate the development of techniques and methods to improve tolerance in crops.
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Authors and Affiliations

Shubhangani Sharma
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jyotshana Sharma
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vineet Soni
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hazem M. Kalaji
2
ORCID: ORCID
Nabil I. Elsheery
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Department of Botany, Udaipur, India
  2. Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Falenty, al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
  3. Tanta University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Botany Department, Tanta, Egypt

Soil erosion control in immature oil palm plantation

Halus Satriawan Zahrul Fuady Rini Fitri
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 49 | 47-54 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.137095
Keywords cover crops erosion nutrient leaching oil palm plantation sediment trap surface runoff terraces
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Abstract

The objectives of developing oil palm plantations should feasible economically and without causing massive erosion. This research proposes soil and water conservation strategies that are ideal and optimal for oil palm cultivation depending on land capability class. The conservation test for plants was performed according to land capability classes on a plot measuring 22 m × 4 m. Runoff and erosion rates were measured using Multislot Divisor Method. Nutrient leaching was analysed based on the content of C-organic (Ctot) (Walkley–Black method), total nitrogen (Ntot) (Kjeldahl method), P-available (Bray-1 method) and K2O (extraction with 1N NH4OAc at pH 7.0). From the results, land capability class III, cover crops (soybean) + manure (P3) treatment effectively reduced runoff and soil erosion (22.63 m3∙ha–1∙y–1 and 13.04 Mg∙ha–1∙y–1), as well as nutrient leaching, compared to other treatments. Furthermore, sediment trap + cover crop + manure (P3) controlled runoff, erosion and nutrient leaching on land capability class IV, producing the lowest runoff (129.40 m3∙ha–1∙y–1), soil erosion (11.39 Mg∙ha–1∙y–1), C-organic (1.3%), and P (1.95 mg kg–1). Soil conservation treatment significantly reduced erosion and runoff (p < 0.05) on land capability class VI. The bench terrace + cover plants + manure treatment-controlled runoff, erosion, and soil nutrient leaching.
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Authors and Affiliations

Halus Satriawan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zahrul Fuady
1
ORCID: ORCID
Rini Fitri
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Almuslim University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agrotechnology, Bireuen, Aceh, 24261, Indonesia
  2. University of Trisakti, Faculty of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Technology, Department of Landscape Architecture, Jakarta, Indonesia

Assessment of groundwater vulnerability using the DRASTIC model: A case study of quaternary catchment A21C, Limpopo River Basin, South Africa

Simeneh S. Moges Megersa O. Dinka
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 49 | 35-46 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.137094
Keywords A21C Quaternary catchment DRASTIC model groundwater vulnerability sensitivity analysis South Africa
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Abstract

Groundwater is a vital resource for domestic, agricultural, industrial activities and ecosystem services. Despite its multi-ple purposes, the resource is under significant threat owing to increasing contamination from anthropogenic activities and climate change. Hence, in order to ensure the reliability and sustainable use of groundwater for the present and future gener-ations, effective management of groundwater (quality and quantity) is highly important. This can be achieved by identifying areas more vulnerable to contamination and implementing protective measures. The present study aims at assessing the vul-nerability of groundwater using GIS-based DRASTIC index in the Quaternary catchment (A21C) within Limpopo River Basin. The vulnerability index varied from 87 to 207. About 53.6% (408 km2) of the catchment area also exhibited high risk of groundwater contamination mostly in central, north-eastern and western part of the sub-catchment. The medium and low vulnerability classes cover only 18.1% (137.5 km2) and 21.7% (165.1 km2) of the study area, respectively. The shallow groundwater at the Doornfontein Campus belongs to very high vulnerability area. The sensitivity analysis indicates that depth to water level, recharge, aquifer media, soil and topography are the important contributors to vulnerability assessment. The correlation analysis performed to validate the final vulnerability map shows a moderate positive correlation, indicating the model’s applicability to the urbanised environment. The study indicates an area that is highly vulnerable to pollution, and hence protective measures are necessary for sustainable management of the groundwater resource in the study area. The result of this study can also be further improved and verified by using other vulnerability assessment models.
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Authors and Affiliations

Simeneh S. Moges
1
ORCID: ORCID
Megersa O. Dinka
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Johannesburg, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Department of Civil Engineering Sciences, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa

Use of fly larvae Hermetia illucens in poultry feeding: A review paper

Svetlana V. Sverguzova Ildar H. Shaikhiev Zhanna A. Sapronova Ekaterina V. Fomina Yulia L. Makridinа
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 49 | 95-103 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.137101
Keywords feed Hermetia illucens insect feed poultry protein flour
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Abstract

The paper presents the review of scientific publications of world literature on the use of the larvae of black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens) when feeding poultry. Nowadays, the issue of replacing traditional sources of protein when feeding poultry is very urgent, especially in connection with the global food crisis. Insects are the natural food of most birds; thus, the use of fly larvae for feed production has a biological basis. The research results presented in published works show that there are no negative effects on bird health and meat quality when feeding poultry, quail and other birds. In some cases, the experimental groups of birds gained weight slightly more slowly than the control group. Other reports indicate that birds grew at the same rate as normal birds. The quantity and quality of eggs did not differ significantly, but dietary changes affected the colour of yolks and eggshell. The effect of the addition of live larvae to the diet of young turkeys on the weight characteristics of was studied. Replacing 10% of the daily amount of feed with live Hermetia illucens larvae in the diet of turkeys showed that the daily feed intake and body weight gain of the experimental birds were significantly higher compared to the control groups, which led to a significantly higher body weight of chicks at the age of five weeks (2.19 kg vs. 2.015 kg, respectively) and a significantly lower feed conversion rate. Most researchers agree that replacing protein in poultry feed with insect flour should be partial, in the 15–30% range. Feeding with larvae that have undergone processing – grinding, chitin removing, heat treatment – is more preferable than using whole larvae, since the chitinous membrane makes larvae difficult to be digested in the digestive tract of birds.
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Authors and Affiliations

Svetlana V. Sverguzova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ildar H. Shaikhiev
2
ORCID: ORCID
Zhanna A. Sapronova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ekaterina V. Fomina
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yulia L. Makridinа
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shoukhov, Department of Industrial Ecology, Kostyukov str., 46, Belgorod, 308012, Russia
  2. Kazan National Research Technological University, Department of Engineering Ecology, Karl Marx st., 68, Kazan, 420015, Russia

A novel method and device for plastic mulch retriever

Kanat M. Khazimov Adilkhan K. Niyazbayev Zhanbota S. Shekerbekova Aigul A. Urymbayeva Gulzhanat A. Mukanova Tursunkul A. Bazarbayeva Vladimir F. Nekrashevich Marat Zh. Khazimov
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 49 | 85-94 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.137100
Keywords compaction microclimatic conditions mulch retriever plastic mulch polymer degradation
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Abstract

Plastic mulch provides a range of benefits including helping modulate soil temperature, reduce soil erosion, evaporation, fertilizer leaching and weed problems and increasing the quality and yields of the product. But when the crops are harvested, plastic mulch needs to be removed from the ground for disposal. Otherwise, these wastes are mixed with the soil and have a negative impact on yields by reducing the access of nutrients and moisture in the soil. The purpose of the current study is, therefore, to propose a roller for plastic mulch retriever which is applicable when the crops are harvested, and the plastic mulch needs to be removed from the ground for disposal. The winding mechanism of the plastic mulch retriever performs the main function and must have the high-quality performance of the winding operation in the removal technology. Research based on requirements of tensile strength test method and changes of strength characteristics of plastic mulch from various factors under natural conditions. The coefficient of compaction of the used plastic mulch (Krel), was the ratio of the diameter of the standard plastic mulch which was wound in the factory to the diameter of the used plastic mulch during the winding.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kanat M. Khazimov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adilkhan K. Niyazbayev
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zhanbota S. Shekerbekova
2
ORCID: ORCID
Aigul A. Urymbayeva
2
ORCID: ORCID
Gulzhanat A. Mukanova
2
ORCID: ORCID
Tursunkul A. Bazarbayeva
2
ORCID: ORCID
Vladimir F. Nekrashevich
3
ORCID: ORCID
Marat Zh. Khazimov
1 2 4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Kazakh National Agrarian University, Faculty of IT – Technology, Automation and Mechanization of Agro-Industrial Complex, Valikhanov St 137, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
  2. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  3. Ryazan State Agrotechnological University, Ryazan, Russia
  4. Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications, Faculty of Heat Power Engineering and Heating Engineering, Almaty, Kazakhstan

An experimental sedimentation tank for enhancing the settling of solid particles

Dina A. Yaseen Saad Abu-Alhail Rusul N. Mohammed
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 49 | 63-73 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.137097
Keywords baffle clay secondary settling basin solid particles treatment plant turbid water
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Abstract

Sedimentation tanks have a vital role in the overall efficiency of solid particles removal in treatment units. Therefore, an in-depth study these tanks is necessary to ensure high quality of water and increasing the system efficiency. In this work, an experimental rectangular sedimentation tank has been operated with and without a baffle to investigate the system behaviour and effectiveness for the reduction of solid particles. Turbid water was prepared using clay, which was collected from the water treatment plant of Al Maqal Port (Iraq), mixed with clear water in a plastic supply tank. Raw and outflow samples were tested against turbidity after plotting a calibration curve between inflow suspended solids versus their corresponding turbidity values. The key objective was to assess the impact of different flow rates, particle concentrations, heights and positions of the baffle on the system efficiency. Findings showed that the tank performance was enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) with the use of a baffle placed at a distance of 0.15 of tank length with height equal to 0.2 of tank depth. Higher removal efficiency (91%) was recorded at a lower flow rate (0.015 dm3∙s–1) and higher concentration (1250 mg∙dm–3), as the treatment efficiency enhanced by 34% compared with the operation without a baffle. Placing the baffle in the middle of the sedimentation tank produced the worst results. System efficiency for solids removal reduced with increasing baffle height. Further research is required to evaluate the efficiency of an inclined baffle.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dina A. Yaseen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Saad Abu-Alhail
1
ORCID: ORCID
Rusul N. Mohammed
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Basrah, College of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, P.O. Box 49, Basra city, 61004, Iraq
  2. University of Basrah, College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Basra city, Iraq

Effect of magnetic fields and fertilizers on grass and onion growth on technogenic soils

Maria Vasilyeva Stanislav Kovshov Johnny Zambrano Maxim Zhemchuzhnikov
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 49 | 55-62 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.137096
Keywords alternating magnetic field biochar bioefficiency biohumus constant magnetic field fertilization physiological parameters of plants technogenic soil
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Abstract

The article deals with effect the use of organic (biohumus) and mineral (biochar) fertilizers based on the products of chicken vital activity on changing the fertility of technogenic sod-podzolic soils exposed to constant and unstable magnetic fields. The germination and growth dynamics of grasses and onions were investigated. The rational rate of introduction of the studied fertilizers into the technogenic soil is determined. Running (RMF) and direct (DMF) magnetic fields were applied in two ways: with fertilizers added and without fertilizers added. It has been established that the effect of preliminary magnetization of technogenic soil has a significant effect on lawn grass germination and the length of onion feathers, which are more than twice the height when exposed to the RMF, as compared with DMF. The effect of RMF on grass germination was also twice as high for DMF, when fertilizers were added. The DMF mag-netization and biohumus helps to increase the grass sprout height by 10–20%. Onion sprouts were higher in two cases: DMF and biohumus; RMF and biochar. The influence of the factor of fertilizer type has a significant effect in 30–40% of cases, whilst at a spread rate of more than 5%, significant chemical activity of biochar negatively affects the germination of both grass and onion.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Vasilyeva
1
ORCID: ORCID
Stanislav Kovshov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Johnny Zambrano
3
ORCID: ORCID
Maxim Zhemchuzhnikov
4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Saint Petersburg Mining University, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Transport and Technological Processes and Machines, 2, 21st Line, St Petersburg 199106, Russia
  2. Saint Petersburg Mining University, Department of Industrial Safety, St Petersburg, Russia
  3. Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Departamento de Petróleos, Quito, Ecuador
  4. JSC Roskar Poultry Farm, Pervomayskoe settlement, Leningrad region, Russia

The minimization of impact of oil pollution on soils in the area of railways using glauconite

Oksana Chayka Igor Petrushka Maria Ruda Nadiya Paranyak Olena Matskiv
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 49 | 79-84 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.137099
Keywords ecological safety glauconite oil products pollution railway transport soil contamination
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Abstract

The analysis of ecological hazards on soil pollution by oil products has been provided in the impact zone of the railway. The results of oil product migration in soils in the area of influence on section Lviv–Khodoriv are given. To study this problem, a method was used to take soil samples according to the standard DSTU ISO 10381-4: 2005. To determine the content of petroleum products used the method MVV No. 081/12-0116-03 Pochvy. Based on the results of the study it was found that contamination with petroleum products in the study area exceeds the norm in the area of influence of the railway at a distance of 5 to –50 m on average 3.5 times. It is proposed to make management decisions to prevent violations of the sanitary protection zone of the railway and the placement of agricultural plots on it. For rehabilitation of contaminated soils, it is advisable to use a natural sorbent – glauconite, which is widespread in the bowels of Ukraine. The adsorption capacity of glauconite relative to diesel fuel has been experimentally established. According to our experiments it is proved the high efficiency of the proposed sorbent, which is 90%. Therefore, in the future it is necessary to periodically monitor the condition of the soil in the area to prevent pollution. This study proves that this practice is necessary.
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Authors and Affiliations

Oksana Chayka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Igor Petrushka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maria Ruda
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nadiya Paranyak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Olena Matskiv
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Lviv National Polytechnic University, Faculty of Ecological Safety and Environmental Protection, Stepana Bandery St, 12, Lviv, Lviv Oblast, 79000, Ukraine

Prospects for the use of microwave energy in grain crop seeding

Fedor A. Kipriyanov Petr A. Savinykh Alexey Yu. Isupov Yulia A. Plotnikova Natalia A. Medvedeva Svetlana V. Belozerova
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 49 | 74-78 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.137098
Keywords disinfection microwave drying microwave energy microwave use on plants pre-sowing treatment
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Abstract

This study looks at determining the main trends in the application of microwaves on plants in agricultural production in the processing of grain material, it provides examples of their effectiveness and an overview of the use of microwaves on plants available on the Russian market. Additionally, the research studied the experience and developments of leading scien-tists in the field of microwave radiation. Analysis of the available sources provided information on the positive effect of microwave radiation in the processing of crops. The use of microwaves on plants during drying destroys pathogens and bacteria, in particular, microwave processing of red lentils reduces grey mould damage by up to 30%. Positive results are also noted in the microwave processing of other crops, providing an increase in germination capacity of up to 7% and yield growth of up to 6%. The microwave plant market in Russia is represented mainly by dryers, and the use of microwaves on plants combining several functions of drying, disinfection, and pre-sowing stimulation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Fedor A. Kipriyanov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Petr A. Savinykh
2
ORCID: ORCID
Alexey Yu. Isupov
2
Yulia A. Plotnikova
1
Natalia A. Medvedeva
1
Svetlana V. Belozerova
1
  1. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Vologda State Dairy Farming Academy, st. Schmidt, 2, 160555, Molochnoe, Vologda, Russia
  2. Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East, Kirov, Russian Federation

Spatial Thermo-Mechanical Model of Mushy Steel Deformation Based on the Finite Element Method

Marcin Hojny Tomasz Dębiński M. Głowacki Trang Thi Thu Nguyen
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2021 | vo. 21 | No 2 | 17-28 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.136093
Keywords Mechanical properties Soft-reduction Semi-solid Numerical modelling Physical simulation
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Abstract

The paper reports the results of work leading to the construction of a spatial thermo-mechanical model based on the finite element method allowing the computer simulation of physical phenomena accompanying the steel sample testing at temperatures that are characteristic for the soft-reduction process. The proposed numerical model is based upon a rigid-plastic solution for the prediction of stress and strain fields, and the Fourier-Kirchhoff equation for the prediction of temperature fields. The mushy zone that forms within the sample volume is characterized by a variable density during solidification with simultaneous deformation. In this case, the incompressibilitycondition applied in the classic rigid-plastic solution becomes inadequate. Therefore, in the presented solution, a modified operator equation in the optimized power functional was applied, which takes into account local density changes at the mechanical model level (the incompressibility condition was replaced with the condition of mass conservation). The study was supplemented withexamples of numerical and experimental simulation results, indicating that the proposed model conditions, assumptions, and numerical models are correct.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Hojny
Tomasz Dębiński
ORCID: ORCID
M. Głowacki
1
Trang Thi Thu Nguyen
1
  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland

Arc welding renovation of permanent steel molds

J. Šutka R. Koňar J. Moravec L. Petričko
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2021 | vo. 21 | No 2 | 35-40 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.136095
Keywords Casting mold Renovation Welding Hardfacing Tribological test
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Abstract

The paper deals with the possibility of the renovation of permanent steel molds for casting using electric arc welding technology. When casting liquid metal into permanent steel molds, there is chemical-thermo-mechanical wear of the surface of the mold cavity and the inlet system, which causes a deterioration of the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the casting. For this reason, it is necessary to renovate the steel mold after a certain casting interval - mold life. In this case, the technology of manual electric arc welding with a coated electrode was used for the renovation. The welding renovation aims to increase the service life of the mold using carbide hardfacing welds, which after welding achieve high mechanical properties of the renovated mold parts. Two types of hardfacing coated electrodes were used for welding, namely the OK Weartrode 55HD electrode and the OK Weartrode 50T electrode. Macroscopic analysis, tribological tests as well as the measurement of the hardness of the welded layers were performed to evaluate the quality and the friction coefficients of the additional materials used. The properties of hardfacing welds were compared with the properties of the basic material of the high-alloy steel mold. The main advantage is in addition to increasing the durability and longevity of the mold, also reducing the cost of mold renovation compared to other renovation technologies.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Šutka
1
R. Koňar
1
J. Moravec
1
L. Petričko
1
  1. Department of Technological Engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia

Analysis of Fracture Mechanism of Cast Steel for Different States of Stress

J. Lachowski J. Borowiecka-Jamrozek
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2021 | vo. 21 | No 2 | 29-34 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.136094
Keywords Metallography Mechanical properties Cast steel Damage evolution Computer modelling
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Abstract

In this paper a plastic deformation and a damage evolution in low-carbon cast steel containing non-metallic inclusions are analysed experimentally and numerically. Two microstructures of the cast steel have been obtained after appropriate heat treatment. Tensile tests of smooth specimens and axisymmetric notched specimens have been performed. The notched specimens have the notch radii: 1 mm, 3 mm and 7 mm. Fractography of the specimens was carried out to observe fracture mechanisms. The mechanism depended on the stress state in the notched specimens. The fractography showed the existence of two fracture mechanisms: ductile failure and by shear.
The process of the voids growth formed on the non-metallic inclusions was the process which included in the explanation of the damage mechanism. Modelling of deformation of the specimens has been used with the model suggested by Gurson, Tvergaard and Needleman. The model is implemented in the Abaqus finite element program. The computer simulation was performed using ABAQUS system. The computed output was compared with the experimental results obtained for specimens of the same shape.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Lachowski
1
J. Borowiecka-Jamrozek
1
  1. Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysiąclecia PP. 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland

Automatic Measurement System of Hydrated Sodium Silicate Composition Analysis

Huafang Wang Quanrun Wang Wu Zhang Xiang Gao Jijun Lu
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2021 | vo. 21 | No 2 | 5-8 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.136091
Keywords Hydrated sodium silicate Composition analysis Potentiometer titration
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Abstract

Sodium silicate is one of the most successful inorganic binder. Along with the broad application of sodium silicate for domestic and industrial purposes, the composition analysis, include modulus (m), ratio of SiO2:Na2O, Na2O%, SiO2%, and solid-containing content, is important for the products strength and service life. However, it is perplexing to operate, inefficient and low precision for traditional standard testing method of these parameters. In this study, an automatic measurement system of sodium silicate composition analysis, with the potential electrode for potentiometer titration, micro-controller, PCB, heater, stirrer, printer and micro peristaltic pump, was developed according to the determine method principle. The end-points of pH value in the two titrating steps, first was 4.3 and second was 6.0, were set in the micro-controller to control the reaction in the processing of the sodium silicate composition analysis. And all the potential signals of the pH electrode were transited in the special PCB for the micro-controller.
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Bibliography

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[10] Fan ZT, Liu M, Wang HF, Long W, Hu XT. (2010). Chinese Patent No. 201010558029.3. Beijing, China National Intellectual Property Administration.
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Authors and Affiliations

Huafang Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Quanrun Wang
1
Wu Zhang
1
Xiang Gao
1
Jijun Lu
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China

Il confine e il mare. Dispositivi di creazione letteraria nella macchina poietica di Enrico Morovich

Novella Di Nunzio
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny | 2021 | No 1 | 15-27 | DOI: 10.24425/kn.2021.137031
Keywords exile border Mediterranean sea humor symmetrical logic
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Abstract

The reflection proposed in this article starts from the realities of the border and the sea, and from the problematic meaning they assumed in the frame of the city of Fiume (Rijeka) in the early twentieth century. The main goal is to explore how in the work of Enrico Morovich, an Italian writer coming from Fiume who had to personally and tragically experience war and exile, the border and the sea act as devices of literary creation, providing models of humorous reversal (the border) and symmetrical thinking (the sea). The analysis will focus in particular on the following works by Morovich: Cronache vicine e lontane (1981), La nostalgia del mare (1981), Un italiano di Fiume (1994).
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Novella Di Nunzio
1
  1. Vilniaus Universitetas, Vilnius

“Per meglio capire l’orrore”. Antonella Anedda in dialogo con Amelia Rosselli

Alessandro Baldacci
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny | 2021 | No 1 | 5-14 | DOI: 10.24425/kn.2021.137030
Keywords Rosselli Anedda subjectivity ethics chorality testimony lyric
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Abstract

The article intends to analyze the importance of the encounter with the most dramatic voice of the second half of the twentieth century in Italy, the poet Amelia Rosselli, in the works of Antonella Anedda, in order to show how the acquaintance with Rosselli, started in the early eighties, has turned for Anedda into an intense, creative and human dialogue, aimed at questioning the classic postures of the lyric persona as well as the cliché that connects female poetry with a confessional dimension. The purpose of the article is to show how Anedda, constantly consulting the Rossellian work (with a particular predilection for Diario ottuso, first published in a journal in 1980), recognizes a “sororal magisterium”, starting from which to build a lyric witness, anchored to the choral and ethical dimension of writing.
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Authors and Affiliations

Alessandro Baldacci
1
  1. Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa

Gli errori nell’uso delle preposizioni in italiano. Uno studio condotto sugli studenti universitari polacchi di livello A2

Bożena Gandor
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny | 2021 | No 1 | 110-123 | DOI: 10.24425/kn.2021.137037
Keywords preposition error Italian error classification applied linguistics
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Abstract

The aim of this study is to list errors in the use of prepositions in Italian, which are made by first‑year students at the Faculty of Applied Linguistics at the University of Warsaw. We have analysed the written final examination papers of students who started learning Italian without prior knowledge of the language. The identified errors have been classified and for each group of errors we have indicated the potential cause of their occurrence. The conclusions of our research can raise language awareness as to the correct usage of the Italian prepositions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bożena Gandor
1
  1. Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa

La questione del doppio ausiliare nelle grammatiche italiane per stranieri

Anna Grochowska-Reiter Daniel Słapek
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny | 2021 | No 1 | 89-109 | DOI: 10.24425/kn.2021.137036
Keywords auxiliary verbs compound tenses in Italian Italian grammar teaching grammar teaching Italian as a foreign language
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Abstract

In this article, we attempt to examine how the issue of double‑auxiliary verbs, that is, verbs that can be conjugated – in compound tenses – with both avere and essere as auxiliaries, are presented in Italian grammar books for foreign language learners. We will focus in particular on 1) verbs that can be both transitive and intransitive (e.g., ho cominciato un nuovo lavoro vs le vacanze sono cominciate); 2) verbs expressing atmospheric phenomenon ( ha/è nevicato); 3) verbs of movement (e.g., sono volato a Roma vs ho volato diverse volte); 4) verbs that use two auxiliaries indifferently (e.g., ha/è assomigliato); and 5) verbs that change meaning depending on the auxiliary verb used in the compound tense (e.g., ho calzato gli sci vs è calzato a pennello). Our analysis is carried out on 19 grammar textbooks for Italian language referring to the CEFR, highlighting some weaknesses regarding the presentation of the rules for double‑auxiliary verbs, such as the total omission of this issue, a certain selectivity and/or disorder, as well as terminological inconsistencies. In our conclusions, we propose some solutions that may help to systematize the rules regarding double‑auxiliary verbs in Italian.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Grochowska-Reiter
1
Daniel Słapek
2
  1. Uniwersytet Adama Mickiewicza, Poznań
  2. Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków

Phraseological Units in Audiovisual Translation. A Case Study of Polish Dubbing of Disney’s The Little Mermaid

Paweł Golda Judyta Mężyk
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny | 2021 | No 1 | 136-154 | DOI: 10.24425/kn.2021.137039
Keywords audiovisual translation dubbing phraseological translation translation techniques phraseology
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Abstract

The paper aims to discuss phraseological units as the object of audiovisual translation in the Polish dubbing of Disney’s The Little Mermaid, to discuss the role of phraseological translation techniques, and to present possible translation inconsistencies. A theoretical introduction presents definitions for crucial terms. It is followed by the analysis of the corpus of phraseological units in Disney’s The Little Mermaid and their Polish translational equivalents.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Golda
1 2
Judyta Mężyk
1 3
  1. Uniwersytet Śląski, Katowice
  2. Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paryż
  3. Université Paris‑Est Créteil, Paryż

Cultural Context in Ukrainian Language Teaching in Poland

Iryna Kononenko Irena Mytnik Svitlana Romaniuk
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny | 2021 | No 1 | 124-135 | DOI: 10.24425/kn.2021.137038
Keywords language teaching the Ukrainian language intercultural communication cultural context grammatical‑lexical exercises
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Abstract

The article presents methodological assumptions for textbooks aimed at Polish‑speaking students who study Ukrainian as part of a philological degree course. Particular attention has been paid to the inclusion of cultural context, the aim of which is not only to diversify strictly linguistic tasks, but above all to introduce the student to the world of a different culture.
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Authors and Affiliations

Iryna Kononenko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Irena Mytnik
1
Svitlana Romaniuk
1
  1. Uniwersytet Warszawski, Warszawa

Sulla ricezione e le traduzioni italiane di Italia di Maria Konopnicka

Alessandro Amenta
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny | 2021 | No 1 | 43-56 | DOI: 10.24425/kn.2021.137033
Keywords Maria Konopnicka Italia poetry translation literary reception
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Abstract

The paper aims at presenting an outline of the Italian translations of the poetry collection Italia by the poetess Maria Konopnicka published between 1916 and 1929. An overview of their reception in the Italian press will be provided, showing three reading strategies: a patriotic interpretation, a critical analysis, and a promoting presentation, sometimes closely interwoven. Finally, an attempt to explain Konopnicka’s artistic recognition in Italy in the early XX century will be supplied.
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45. PŁASZCZEWSKA, O. (2017): Włoskie divertimento. Szkice komparatystyczne, Wyd. Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków.
46. Rivista di Bergamo (1935), XIV/10, 393.
47. RYGIER, M. (1902): “Maria Konopnicka nel suo giubileo (con ritratto)”, Nuova Antologia, CLXXXVI/741, 107–114.
48. ZIĘBA, M. (1987): “O wydaniach poezji Marii Konopnickiej (szkic informacyjny)”, in: BIAŁEK, J. Z./ JAROWIECKI, J. (red.): Maria Konopnicka w siedemdziesięciopięciolecie zgonu, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej, Kraków, 129–146.

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Authors and Affiliations

Alessandro Amenta
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Università Di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Roma

“Conversione alla lirica”: uno studio su Giovanni Boine

Stefano Rosatti
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny | 2021 | No 1 | 28-42 | DOI: 10.24425/kn.2021.137032
Keywords Boine Frantumi Il peccato Rebora Frammenti lirici
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Abstract

The problem linked to the concrete and real feeling of faith and to the lively perception of the spirit and the divine is one of the fundamental issues of Giovanni Boine’s thought, and has important repercussions on his personal consideration of ethics and morals. The writer’s need for knowledge is initially set on the terrain of philosophical‑religious investigation, but precisely this approach fails to offer Boine significant solutions to the problem. His path thus turns towards more strictly literary activities. This study deals, on the one hand, with the process that leads to this “conversion to poetry” and, on the other hand, with the Frantumi as a product of this process in relation to the writer’s ideological presuppositions. Some of the most significant (non‑lyrical) texts by Giovanni Boine will be considered and a brief comparison will be made between Boine’s poetic theorization and that of Rebora, another writer close to the circle of the magazine “La Voce” and also intimately troubled by the existential conflict between faith and morals. In the last part of the essay, some aspects of the dialectic and style related to Boine’s narrative production will also be mentioned.
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Authors and Affiliations

Stefano Rosatti
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Háskóli Íslands, Reykjavík

Cultura, terremoti e scelte politiche in Italia nel XX secolo

Ada Di Nucci Paola Nardone Natascia Ridolfi
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny | 2021 | No 1 | 71-88 | DOI: 10.24425/kn.2021.137035
Keywords earthquake Italy politics government culture
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Abstract

Seismic events have always marked the history of Italy by changing and upsetting the social, demographic and economic contexts of the places involved. The interventions carried out in relation to seismic events are related to the severity of the damage caused to public real estate assets, to the private one and to infrastructures. In this perspective, resources and interventions have been mobilized, inevitably linked to the financial resources of the State. Precisely in relation to the limited budgets, the State has adopted political choices, sometimes questionable, which have conditioned the post‑earthquake reconstruction and the return to the normal social trend of the populations. The essay aims to outline intervention policies and understand their outcomes, within the political, social and economic contexts that characterized the Italian twentieth century, referring to some political choices adopted by the State on the occasion of some major earthquakes that have interested Italy.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ada Di Nucci
1
Paola Nardone
1
Natascia Ridolfi
1
  1. Università “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti‑Pescara, Italia

Toni sentimentali nelle poesie di Gábor Dayka

Judit Papp
Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny | 2021 | No 1 | 57-70 | DOI: 10.24425/kn.2021.137034
Keywords sentimentalism Hungarian literature mysterious melancholy opaque sadness
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Abstract

In this paper, I intend to explore the influence of sentimentalism in the works of Gábor Dayka (1769– 1796), a Hungarian poet, an author of sentimental poems imbued with the ideals of the Enlightenment. The sentimental tones of his verses derive first of all from being misunderstood and oppressed and from the impossibility of unveiling the opaque sadness of the mysterious melancholy. Dayka, forced to choose the ecclesiastical career and then abandon it because of his liberal ideas, gradually becomes a sentimental and pessimistic poet who thinks love is painful and projects his pain into nature. I will focus on the sentimental means of expression of Dayka from the poem titled Rettenetes éjszaka (Terrible Night) to Titkos bú (Mysterious Melancholy).
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Authors and Affiliations

Judit Papp
1
  1. Università Degli Studi Di Napoli “L’Orientale”, Napoli

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