This study presents an analysis of the unprecedented growth of international research collaboration in Europe in terms of distribution of co-authorship and citation of globally indexed publications over the last decade (2009–2018). The dynamics of change that emerge from this analysis are as follows: the increasing level of international cooperation is drawing key European systems away from institutional cooperation, with stable and strong national cooperation. National scientific output, i.e. the total number of publications, remains stable, and the entire increase in the number of publications over the period should be attributed to international co-authorship publications, which are the only driving force behind the increase in the number of publications in Europe. Due to the emergence of global networked science, in which the role of national policies in cooperation is decreasing and the role of scientists is growing, the key to the development of cooperation in Europe (and in Poland) is the readiness of individual scientists to undertake international cooperation. Researchers cooperate internationally when it is profitable for them in terms of academic prestige, scientific recognition and access to research funding, which is suggested by the three models proposed here (the model of credibility cycle in science, the model of prestige maximization and the model of global science). The total number of analyzed articles indexed in the Scopus database was 5.5 million, including 2.2 million articles written in international cooperation.
In the current industrial scenarios those involved in production and services distribution
are called to deal with a plurality of stakeholders, considering different interests, readings
and positions. This paper exploits the concept of collaboration in this fast changes and
flexible scenario by describing the characteristics of collaboration among enterprises and
their scope. In this context, the purpose of all managers to maximize utility, to save cost or
to minimize of transaction costs is hard to be reached. Under this prospective, to collaborate
with other firms is a logical way to work and to pursue the previous objectives. The purpose
of this paper is to define all the aspects of collaboration, mainly among enterprises, and the
reasons that can drive a manager to stipulate a collaboration agreement. Two different ways,
through collaboration can rise, have been described: collaboration induced by external body
(top-down collaboration) or born in a spontaneous way (bottom-up). The management of
the collaboration and the identification of key performance indicators, able to control the
development of the network system, is addressed by exploiting the Italian network contract
and the case study of the energy cluster.
The objectives of this study were to develop a framework of the collaboration network, operational
performance, and reverse logistics determinants on the performance outcomes of the
auto parts industry, and to study the direct, indirect, and overall effects of the factors that
influence the performance outcomes of the auto parts industry. This quantitative research
utilized a questionnaire as the tool for data collection, which was completed by the managers
in the auto parts industry from 320 companies. According to the analysis with the Structural
Equation Modeling (SEM), it was found that the collaboration networks, operational
performance, and reverse logistics positively affect the performance outcomes; whereas, the
collaboration networks mainly affect the development of organizations by causing performance
outcomes to continue growing unceasingly, including the enhancement of sustainable
competitive capacity and the operational results of the auto parts industry.
Poles are today the largest group of family immigrants to Norway. Since Polish immigration is an intra-Euro-pean movement of labour, there are no specific laws or regulations, apart from labour regulations, pertaining to the introduction of Polish families to Norway and their settlement there. Consequently, there are few guidelines in schools and local authorities on dealing with Polish children in school. They receive the same introduction to school as immigrants from any other background, with no considera-tion of the specific characteristics of Poles. Equally, their parents are not eligible for the orientation courses and language classes that are offered to adult asylum seekers or refugees. As these are expen-sive, many Polish parents postpone language classes until they can afford them or find alternative ways of learning language and culture. In this article, I explore the inclusion of Polish children in Norwegian schools through the voices of teachers receiving Polish children in their classrooms and Polish mothers of children attending school in Norway. Interviews with both teachers and mothers reveal inadequate understandings of each other’s conceptions of school, education and the roles of home and school in the education of children. They also demonstrate a limited understanding of culturally bound interpre-tations of each other’s actions. Although both sides are committed to the idea of effective integration, we risk overlooking the social and academic challenges that Polish children face in Norwegian schools unless conceptions and expectations of school and education are articulated and actions are explained and contextualised. There is also a risk that cultural differences will be perceived as individual prob-lems, while real individual problems may be overlooked due to poor communication between schools and families. The data is drawn from an extended case study including classroom observations, inter-views with teachers and Polish mothers in Norway, and focus groups of educators and researchers in the field of social work.