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Number of results: 71
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Abstract

Prof. Małgorzata Kossut of the Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology talks about brain plasticity, the mechanisms of learning, and the mysteries of forgetfulness.

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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Kossut
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Abstract

Psychedelics, as a plant-derived material, have been used for millennia in religious and medical practices. They produce an altered state of consciousness characterized by distortions of perception, hallucinations, dissolution of self boundaries and the experience of unity with the world. Classic psychedelics, also known as serotonergic hallucinogens, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin were extensively investigated in substance-assisted psychotherapy during the 1950s–1960s. These early clinical studies reported improvement rates in patients with various forms of depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol dependence. The development of modern neuroimaging techniques renewed interest in the investigation of psychedelics as a class of drugs that may reopen multiple therapeutic benefits. Current behavioral and neurochemical data show that psychedelics induce their psychological effects primarily via 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2A (5-HT2A) receptor activation and modulate neural circuits involved in mood and affective disorders. Clinical trials examining psilocybin have suggested that the compound relieves symptoms of depression and anxiety with rapid onset and longer duration. Serotonergic psychedelics enhance expression of neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as expression of genes associated with synaptic plasticity and stimulate synapse formation. These effects are similar to those produced by fast-acting antidepressant ketamine. Basic science research can reveal the neural mechanism of psychedelics action and how they can be used for treatment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krystyna Gołembiowska
1

  1. Instytut Farmakologii im. Jerzego Maja Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Kraków
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Abstract

The objective of this study was an analysis of the thickness of a plasticized zone that appears after surface burnishing of machine parts with a non-deformable roller of a torus contour. A function defining the plasticized zone thickness depending on burnishing parameters was determined. M. T. Huber's hypothesis of plastic deformation was used in the solution. It was found that the thickness of the plasticized zone depends principally on the pressure force and yield point, and it is insignificantly dependent on the geometrical dimensions of the workpiece and burnishing roller.
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Authors and Affiliations

Józef Jezierski
Tomasz Mazur
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Abstract

Waste plastics make up approximately 20% of the volume of landifill material and almost 10% of the weight. These products contain substantial energy recovery value, and also represent a potentia!iy valuable source of feedstock raw material for additional plastics production. Controlled pyrolysis offers a method of converting raw, mixed waste plastics back into feedstock grade liquids by the application of heat in the absence of oxygen. However, chlorine from the thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can contaminate the reclamed liquids making them more difficult and expensive for processing, and also produce a corrosive atmosphere which makes processing more expresive. This paper reports on a study of the impact of PVC on the thermal degradation rates other plastics including polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Commodity plastics were mixed at various ratios with PVC and analyzed by means of their degradation rates to determine the kinetic rate constants which were compared to the rates obtained for the pure plastics. The values of the kinetic parameters for the pure compounds were all very close to, or within the ranges obtained from the literature. The results indicated that the decomposition behavior of the mixtures differed from those of the pure polymers. These deviations were greatest for mixtures of PVC with polyethylene terephthalate where it was determined that the dehydrochlorination step of PVC catalyzes the decomposition of PET. Pyrolysis of mixtures of PVC and polysteryne at temperatures between 200° C and 350° C result in incomplete dehydrochlorination. This results in more chlorinated compounds being released at higher temperatures.
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Authors and Affiliations

Albrecht Heinzel
Tim C. Keener
Soon-Jai Khang
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Abstract

The paper presents research results on the selection of parameters for the asymmetric rolling process of bimetallic plates 10CrMo9-10 + X2CrNiMo17-12-2. They consisted in determining the optimum parameters of the process, which would be ensured to obtain straight bands. Such deformation method introduces in the band the deformations resulting from shear stress, which affect changes in the microstructure. But their effect on the structure is more complicated than in the case of homogeneous materials. It has been shown that the introduction of asymmetric conditions into the rolling process results in greater grain refinement in the so-called hard layer. There was no negative effect on the structural changes in the soft layer observed.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Rydz
ORCID: ORCID
B. Koczurkiewicz
G. Stradomski
T. Garstka
J. Wypart
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Abstract

Many researchers in the developed countries have been intensively seeking effective methods of plastic recycling over the past years. Those techniques are necessary to protect our natural environment and save non-renewable resources. This paper presents the concept of an electrostatic separator designed as a test bench dedicated to the separation of mixed plastic waste from the automotive industry. According to the current policy of the European Union on the recycling process of the automotive industry, all these waste materials must be recycled further for re-entering into the life cycle (according to the circular economy). In this paper, the proposed concept and design of the test bench were offered the feasibility to conduct research and technological tests of the electrostatic separation process of mixed plastics. The designed test bench facilitated assessing the impact of positions of high-voltage electrodes, the value and polarity of the high voltage, the variable speed of feeders and drums, and also triboelectrification parameters (like time and intensity) on the process, among others. A specialized computer vision system has been proposed and developed to enable quick and reliable evaluation of the impact of process parameters on the efficiency of electrostatic separation. The preliminary results of the conducted tests indicated that the proposed innovative design of the research stand ensures high research potential, thanks to the high accuracy of mixed plastics in a short time. The results showed the significant impact of the corona electrode position and the value of the applied voltage on the separation process effectiveness. It can be concluded that the results confirmed the ability to determine optimally the values of the studied parameters, in terms of plastic separation effectiveness. This study showed that this concept of an electrostatic separator designed as a test bench dedicated for separation of mixed plastic waste can be widely applied in the recycling plastic industry.
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Authors and Affiliations

Roman Regulski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dorota Czarnecka-Komorowska
2
ORCID: ORCID
Cezary Jędryczka
3
ORCID: ORCID
Dariusz Sędziak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dominik Rybarczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Netter
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mariusz Barański
3
ORCID: ORCID
Mateusz Barczewski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Mechanical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
  2. Institute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
  3. Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznań, Poland
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Abstract

It is well known that if plastic wastes are not well managed, it has a negative impact on the environment as well as on human health. In this study, recycling plastic waste in form of strips for stabilizing weak subgrade soil is proposed. For this purpose, a weak clay soil sample was mixed with 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% of plastic strips by weight of soil, and the experimental results were compared to the control soil sample with 0% plastic. Laboratory tests on the Standard compaction test, Unconfined compression test (UCS), and California bearing ratio (CBR) were conducted according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The results of the study reveal that there are significant improvements in the strength of weak soil stabilized with plastic waste strips. Accordingly, the Standard Proctor test shows that there is a small increment in the maximum dry density of the soil when it is mixed with plastic strips. The result from the CBR test shows that there is a significant increment of CBR value with the plastic strip content. The unconfined compressive strength test also shows that increasing the percentage of plastic strips from 0 to 0.4% resulted in increased strength of soil by 138% with 2 cm length plastic strips. Therefore, this study recommends the application of plastic strips for improvement of the strength of soft clay for subgrade construction in civil engineering practice as an alternative weak soil stabilization method.
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Authors and Affiliations

Worku Firomsa Kabeta
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Narutowicza11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract

The paper is of practical importance and describes the construction of a test rig and the measurement method for determining the relative emissivity coefficient of thermosensitive thin polymer coatings. Polymers are high-molecular chemical compounds that produce chains of repeating elements called ‘mers’. The polymers can be natural and artificial. The former ones form the building material for living organisms, the latter – for plastics. In this work, the words plastics and polymers are used as synonyms. Some plastics are thermosensitive materials with specific physical and chemical properties. The calorimetric method mentioned in the title consists of two steps. The first stage, described here, involves very accurately measuring the emissivity of black paint with the highest possible relative emissivity coefficient, which covers the surface of the heater and the inner surface of the chamber. In the second step, the thermosensitive polymer will be placed on the inner surface of the chamber, while black paint with a known emissivity coefficient will remain on the heater. Such a way of determining the properties of thermosensitive polymers will increase the error of the method itself, but at the same time will avoid melting of the polymer coating. During the tests, the results of which are presented in this work, the emissivity coefficient of the black paint was obtained in the range of 0.958–0.965.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Pelińska-Olko
1

  1. Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Department of Thermodynamics and Renewable Energy Sources, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract

The average consumer uses plastic packaging practically for just about everything: shopping, storing food, collecting waste. Very few people think about what happens to waste packaging and how it affects the environment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Urban-Malinga
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Abstract

The study involved experimental work implemented from April 2014 until March 2017. Its purpose was to observe grape production quality parameters, such as yield, water productivity, berry size and bio-mass. Different irrigation methods, such as drip irrigation (DI), drip irrigation with plastic mulching (DIPM), drip irrigation with organic mulching (DIOM), subsur-face irrigation with stone column (SISC), subsurface irrigation with mud pot (SIMP), and subsurface irrigation with plastic bottles (SIPB) have been used during the experimental work. The crop has been irrigated following the CROPWAT-8.0 model developed by the FAO. Climate parameters are obtained from the automatic weather station located near the experi-mental field. Based on experimental results and analyses, it has been observed that the drip irrigation with the plastic mulching method is the best for irrigation in terms of the grape yield comparing with all other methods due to its highest productivity of 35–40%. Subsurface irrigation with the plastic bottle method is found to be suitable as it gives 20% higher yield than the traditional drip irrigation method. The SIPB method shows the cost-benefit ratio of 112.3, whereas the DIPM method had the ratio of 36.6. Based on the cost-benefit analysis, it is concluded that the SIPB method is economically more viable as compared with all other methods. Hence, based on the findings, it is recommended to use drip irrigation with a plastic mulch-ing and drip irrigation with a plastic bottle as the best options to achieve grape productivity while using minimum water.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sharad J. Kadbhane
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vivek L. Manekar
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Savitribai Phule Pune University, NDMVPS KBT College of Engineering, Nashik, Udoji Maratha Boarding Campus, 422013, Nashik, India
  2. Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
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Abstract

This pilot study investigated the amounts of plastic litter captured by water structures. It is based on hydraulic experiments using flume models of the sluice gate and trash racks. Plastic elements of different shapes and sizes were introduced to the flume upstream of the water device. The study measured the number of plastic elements captured by the device. The outcomes of the study suggest that for each device, it should be possible to determine the size of elements beyond which they can capture plastic elements in substantial quantities. The findings should be helpful in designing future experiments on the capture of plastic elements by water structures
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Authors and Affiliations

Sylwia Dąbrowska
1
Marcin Gałka
1
Elżbieta Kubrak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Kubrak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Kalenik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Kiczko
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Environmental Enginering, SGGW, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
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Abstract

This research addresses an inventory classification problem in a company that manufactures plastic pallets. Classification of the inventory is difficult because it is subject to two restrictions: the number of changeovers and the size of inventory storage. A mathematical model is first proposed to maximize the fill rate by classifying all product items into four groups. Due to all items can be classified based on the monthly demand, in descending order. The present study then proposed a procedure to find the classification that is most efficient. According to the experimental results, the maximum fill rate in the current situation is 89.85%. The proposed methodology also tested different production batches and levels of demand. The proposed methodology was found to be appropriate for practical application.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yiyo KUO
Hao-Chen JIANG
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Abstract

Plastic mulch provides a range of benefits including helping modulate soil temperature, reduce soil erosion, evaporation, fertilizer leaching and weed problems and increasing the quality and yields of the product. But when the crops are harvested, plastic mulch needs to be removed from the ground for disposal. Otherwise, these wastes are mixed with the soil and have a negative impact on yields by reducing the access of nutrients and moisture in the soil. The purpose of the current study is, therefore, to propose a roller for plastic mulch retriever which is applicable when the crops are harvested, and the plastic mulch needs to be removed from the ground for disposal. The winding mechanism of the plastic mulch retriever performs the main function and must have the high-quality performance of the winding operation in the removal technology. Research based on requirements of tensile strength test method and changes of strength characteristics of plastic mulch from various factors under natural conditions. The coefficient of compaction of the used plastic mulch (Krel), was the ratio of the diameter of the standard plastic mulch which was wound in the factory to the diameter of the used plastic mulch during the winding.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kanat M. Khazimov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adilkhan K. Niyazbayev
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zhanbota S. Shekerbekova
2
ORCID: ORCID
Aigul A. Urymbayeva
2
ORCID: ORCID
Gulzhanat A. Mukanova
2
ORCID: ORCID
Tursunkul A. Bazarbayeva
2
ORCID: ORCID
Vladimir F. Nekrashevich
3
ORCID: ORCID
Marat Zh. Khazimov
1 2 4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Kazakh National Agrarian University, Faculty of IT – Technology, Automation and Mechanization of Agro-Industrial Complex, Valikhanov St 137, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
  2. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  3. Ryazan State Agrotechnological University, Ryazan, Russia
  4. Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications, Faculty of Heat Power Engineering and Heating Engineering, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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Abstract

The paper presents the properties of plastics under the trade names of PMMA and Midas, and of Formowax, Romocast 305 and Romocast 930 casting waxes. Their effect on the quality of foundry patterns used in the manufacture of ceramic moulds for precision casting is also discussed. From the selected materials for foundry patterns, samples were made for testing using the following methods: (i) 3D printing in the case of plastics, and (ii) conventional method based on tooling in the form of metal moulds (dies) in the case of casting waxes.

The most important physico-mechanical properties of materials for foundry patterns were determined, i.e. linear shrinkage, softening temperature, relative elongation and coefficient of thermal linear expansion. Bending tests were carried out on samples of patterns printed and made in metal moulds, including determination of the surface roughness of patterns.

After the process of melting out patterns from the cavities of ceramic moulds in an autoclave, the degree of their melting out was visually assessed (i.e. the residues from pattern removal were evaluated). The ash content after burning out of foundry patterns was also determined. The conducted tests allowed comparing the important parameters of materials used for foundry patterns and assessing the suitability of selected plastics as a material for foundry patterns used in the manufacture of high-quality precision castings.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Dydak
M. Książek
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Abstract

The results of investigations of plasticity of moulding sands with binders obtained by measuring deflection angles in the single point bend test in dependence on their hardening degree are presented in the hereby paper. Shaped samples made of moulding sands obtained in the technology with urea-furfuryl resin Furanol FR75A and in the technology with water glass, were subjected to various tests. Shaped samples were made on the quartz matrix of a medium grains size ����=0,29 ����. Investigations were performed for the resin content being 1% and 2%, at a constant proportion of a hardener versus resin -- equal 60%. In the case of sands from the technology with water glass, investigations were performed for 3.5% of water glass versus sand matrix and 0.35% of Flodur. Plasticity tests were carried out with using the strength machine with a continuous recording of a sample deflection value. Measurements of deflection angles values in the bend test were performed on a series of simultaneously made samples at constant time intervals from the moment of their making. To determine the sand hardening degree the ultrasound technique was applied, according to the previously developed methodology [1]. Every time from the obtained results the characteristic of the growing stress as a function of deflection was prepared (��). In addition, for the tested group of moulding sands, empirical relationships between the maximum deflection angle (αmax) in the bend test and the hardening degree were determined (Sx): α = f(Sx).
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Bibliography

[1] Zych, J. (2002). New, nondestructive method of quality inspection of mould’s elements made of moulding sands with chemical binders. Archives of Foundry. 2(5), 132-139.
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[8] Gröning, P., Schreckenberg, S. & Jenrich, K. (2015). Herstellung von hoch-komplexen Zylinderkurbel-gehäusen. Giesserei. 102(01), 42-47.
[9] Grabarczyk, A., Dobosz, M.St., Kusiński, J., & Major-Gabryś, K. (2018). The tendency of moulding sands to generate core cracs. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 18(1), 157-161.
[10] Dobosz, M.St., Grabarczyk, A. & Major-Gabryś, K. (2017). Elasticity of moulding sands – a method of reducing core cracking. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 17(1), 31-36.
[11] Grabarczyk, A. (2018). Analysis and evaluation of mechanical and thermal deformation of molding sands with selected binders. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków. (in Polish).
[12] Zych, J. (2007). Synthesis of ultrasonic technique applications in the analysis of the kinetics of selected processes in molding materials. Kraków: AGH Uczelniane Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Dydaktyczne. Seria: Rozprawy i Monografie nr 163. (in Polish).

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Authors and Affiliations

Natalia Matonis
ORCID: ORCID
J. Zych
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, ul. Reymonta 23, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
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Abstract

The automotive industry requires more and more light materials with good strength and formability at the same time. The answer to this type of demands are, among others, aluminium alloys of the 6xxx series, which are characterized by a high strength-to-weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. Different material state can affect formability of AlMgSi sheets. These study analysed the influence of heat treatment conditions on the drawability of the sheet made of 6082 aluminium alloy. The studies on mechanical properties and plastic anisotropy for three orientations (0, 45, 90°) with respect to the rolling direction were carried out. The highest plasticity was found for the material in the 0 temper condition. The influence of heat treatment conditions on the sheet drawability was analysed using the Erichsen, Engelhardt-Gross, Fukui and AEG cupping tests. It was found that the material state influenced the formability of the sheet. In the case of bulging, the sheet in the annealed state was characterized by greater drawability, and in the deep drawing process, greater formability was found for the naturally aged material.
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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Kuczek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Mroczkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Turek
1

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, Cracow, Poland
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Abstract

In this contribution, an overview over a numerical scheme for the crack modelling of spruce wood under tensile loading is given. A material model for biaxially stressed spruce wood with consideration of the effect of knots on the strength properties has been developed. A necessary feature of this material model is its ability to treat cracks by means of the so-called smeared crack concept. For this reason the consideration of a so-called characteristic length in the corresponding evolution laws of the strength values is required. The successful implementation in the material model is shown by means of various numerical examples.
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Authors and Affiliations

Herbert W. Mulllner
Christoph Kohlhauser
Martin Fleischmann
Josef Eberhardsteiner
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Abstract

Indonesia is one of the largest contributors to global marine litter deposition, given its high population and the largest archipelagic country. The increasing problem of plastic littering has recently attracted the attention of researchers. This study aims to identify marine and macroplastic litter in Semarang City. A field survey was conducted by dividing the beach into 18 sampling grids, each with an area of 1 × 1 m2. A literature survey was also conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to identify literature that can be used to develop recommendations. The results showed that 6.26–11.16 grams/m2/ day of marine litter and approximately 1.61–4.89 items/m2/day of plastic litter would be deposited on Semarang City beaches. The greatest contributors to macroplastic litter were polypropylene (PP) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), which should be considered for further intervention. Strategic recommendations were developed based on an in-depth literature survey and best practices in the current field. These also include recommendations that can be used as a reference by policymakers and other stakeholders to reduce marine pollution. The results of this study are expected to provide a multiplier effect on reducing marine pollution for the city.
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Authors and Affiliations

Badrus Zaman
1
Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan
3 4
Anik Sarminingsih
2
Ika Bagus Priyambada
1
Mochamad Arief Budihardjo
2

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro Jl.Prof. H. Sudarto, SH Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro Jl. Prof. H. Sudarto, SH Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
  3. Graduate Programs in Environmental Systems, Graduate School of Environmental Engineering,The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan
  4. Environmental Sustainability Research Group, Department of Environmental Engineering,Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
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Abstract

Memory trace is an effect of temporary arousal (perception, experience, action) that causes a specific change in the nervous system. Memory allows to record and recall various information, thus enabling to learn new things. It is an extremely active and dynamic process. The influence of emotions on memory is obvious, largely determined by the close cooperation of the amygdala (responsible for emo-tions) and the hippocampus (memory processes).
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Authors and Affiliations

Paulina Fałek
1
Artur Fałek
1
Monika Kager
2
Richard Kager
3
Piotr Walkowicz
2
Marcin Kubiak
2
Elżbieta Starosławska
2
Franciszek Burdan
2 4

  1. Independent Public Healthcare, Puławy, Poland
  2. St. John’s Cancer Center, Lublin, Poland
  3. Public Independent Clinical Hospital Number 4, Lublin, Poland
  4. Human Anatomy Department, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

This study mainly analyzes the stress loading effect of current plastic damaged materials and investigates the stress changes during plastic material damage. The stress structure of the material is analyzed using D-SAP software and the finite element analysis. A new analysis system for plastic damage materials is established. The new system can analyze the damage stress and rigidity magnitude of plastic materials. These studies confirm that new system software can to some extent complete the analysis of stress loading effects on plastic damaged materials. The simulation curve of the software is basically consistent with the experimental values. When compared with traditional software for testing, the new software shows significantly better performance in simulating stress situations and accuracy compared to traditional analysis and simulation software. D-SAP and Digimat software show different deviations during testing. D-SAP has the smallest stress variation, while Digimat strain and stress testing has a larger deviation. In the stiffness test, the deviation between the two software is between 2.04% and 5.3%. In multi-axis pressure testing, D-SAP is consistent with the test values. Therefore, the software used in this study has a better effect on analyzing the stress loading effect of the material, and the deviation between the tested stress and stiffness is smaller. This provides a new direction for stress analysis of materials.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xiaofeng Liu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yanli Wang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Chengyuan Lu
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. School of CML Engineering Architecture, Zhejiang Guangsha Vocational and Technical University ofConstruction, Dongyang, 322100, China
  2. Department of Technology Development, Dongyang Third Construction Engineering Co., Ltd, ZhejiangDongyang, 322100, China
  3. College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310000, China
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Abstract

Self compacting concrete (SCC) filling layer is core structure of China rail track system (CRTS) ? type ballastless track. Construction quality, service performance and durability of CRTS ? ballastless structure are affected by stability of SCC for filling layer. In this study, the stability of SCC of filling layer is researched at three levels as paste, mortar and concrete by theory and experiment. Evaluation indices including bleeding (��), surface bubble rate (��), thickness of paste (��paste) and thickness of surface mortar (��) are proposed based on the theoretical calculation and analysis. The threshold viscosity of paste 0.394 Pa·s and mixture satisfied area are obtained at paste level based on the relationship between viscosity and ��, �� of paste. The mixture satisfied area was defined at mortar level under criterions of maximum value of ��paste and slump flow. Optimal range of gap between neighboring aggregates (��ca) 12.4 mm~14.1 mm is chosen by flow ability, passing ability, stable ability of SCC. These research results will help to further understand the stability of SCC.
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Authors and Affiliations

He Liu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jingyi Zhang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Yanhai Yang
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Shenyang Jianzhu University, School of Transportation and Geometics Engineering, No. 25 Hunnan Zhong Road, Hunnan District, 110168 Shenyang, China
  2. Shenyang Urban Construction University, School of Civil Engineering, No.380 Bai Ta Road, Hunnan District, 110167 Shenyang, China
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Abstract

The article describes the impact of modeling the plasticity constitutive relationship on the buckling of a short section of a perforated thin-walled steel bar with an open cross-section (modeled as a perforated shell) subjected to compression, being one of the elements of a high-storage system. Numerical calculations were performed in the ABAQUS/Standard program with application of the elasto-plasticity theory of large deformations with additive decomposition of the logarithmic strain tensor and taking into account the nonlinear isotropic or kinematic strain hardening models. The isotropic nature of the material was considered and the plastic flow law associated with the Huber-Mises plasticity condition was assumed. In the elasticity range, linear characteristics of the material was assumed, while in the plasticity range, the shape of the uniaxial strain hardening curve was described as piecewise linear approximation of plastic strain-stress graphs obtained from uniaxial tensile tests. The 24 sets of material data obtained on the basis of experimental tests were analyzed and the influence of differences in the values of material parameters were described (in tests carried out on samples cut from the modeled bars, large differences were found in the values of material parameters and the shape of uniaxial tension graphs). Also the accuracy of strain hardening modeling (the number of sections assumed in the model piecewise linear) on the calculated bearing capacity force value was considered and evaluated.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Piotrowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Gajewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Stanisław Jemioło
2
ORCID: ORCID
Cezary Ajdukiewicz
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland,
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Abstract

The article summarizes results of the studies of the Coastal Clean Index (CCI) on selected Polish beaches. In 2022, an attempt was made to estimate the amount of litter on the beach in Ustka. Debris on the beach was collected during a peak season in July and August. An attempt was also made to estimate the daily increase in garbage on the beach. The main part of the research was based on the quality and quantity of litter in beach sediments to the east and west of Ustka. Litter was divided according to a type of material, use, size and origin. The collected material was dominated by a plastic waste. The largest amount of marine litter was collected on the beach, on the eastern side of the Słupia River.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Bigus
1
Anna Jarosiewicz
1

  1. Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Institute of Biology and Earth Science, Arciszewskiego 22a, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland

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