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Number of results: 15
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Disinfection Byproducts Precursors Removal from Dam Reservoir Water

Joanna Gumiińska Marcin Kłos Anna Pawłowska
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2010 | vol. 36 | No 3 | 39-50
Keywords DBPs enhanced coagulation hydrolyzing coagulant pre-hydrolyzed coagulant
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Abstract

The water of the Wisła-Czarne reservoir is of very low hardness and alkalinity. In spite ofhigh SUVA values it is not susceptible to enhanced coagulation. In order to achieve the assumed results, coagulation with ALS (aluminium sulphate) should be conducted in two optional technological systems - in a conventional system and in "in-bed" coagulation dependently ofwater quality and its temperature. Effective treatment with ALS is possible, even at low temperature of the water, but at strict technological parameters. However, because of significant variations of water quality, especially after rainstorms, it is very difficult to meet such requirements. Application of pre-hydrolyzed Flokor 1,2A instead ofALS enables to eliminate reagents to the pH adjustment and to apply "in-bed" coagulation when water supplied to the WTP is of low turbidity. To assure stable technological system operation, in aspect of raw water quality changes, some activities were also undertaken, i.e. modernization of rapid filters, which involved a drainage system and exchange of sand bed for anthracite-sand bed. Treatment based on direct filtration results in decrease of reagents usage and, what is especially important, effective DBPs precursors removal.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Gumiińska
Marcin Kłos
Anna Pawłowska

Coagulation and Sedimentation Processes as the First Node of Technological Installation for Treatment of Wastewater from Timber Processing Plant

Jacek Piekarski Tadeusz Piecuch
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2005 | vol. 31 | No 4 | 33-44
Keywords coagulation sedimentation wastewater
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Abstract

This paper deals with the results of chemical pre-treatment of effluents from Chip Washing by coagulation. Three different, most frequently used coagulants i.e. calcium hydroxide, aluminium sulphate and ferric chloride were applied. Influence of single and simultaneous dosage of the reagents was investigated. Fully randomized block systems were applied in the factorial variance analysis and final approximation analytic-empiric mathematical equations with application of the central point method were formulated.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Piekarski
Tadeusz Piecuch

Significance of Aluminium Coagulants Basicity in Intensification of Water Corrosivity

Marta Rak Maria Świderska-Bróż
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2004 | vol. 30 | No 2 | 39-49
Keywords coagulation polyaluminium chloride coagulant basicity water alkalinity water corrosivity
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of aluminium coagulants basicity on the minimalisation of undesirable effects of coagulation such as decreasing pH and alkalinity, thereby water corrosivity. The experiments involved three types of surface water samples: from the Odra and Oława Rivers and a mountain stream, which differed in physico-chemical composition (especially in pH values and alkalinity). Alum (ALS) and polyaluminium chlorides (PACI) characterized by various basicity (r, %) were used as coagulants. The experimental results showed that decrease in water corrosivity depended on the basicity and dose of coagulant, pH and temperature of water prior to coagulation. With the increment of coagulation basic i ty the chemical stability of treated water improved and coagulants PAX-XL 3 and PAX-XL6 l were the best. Using of polyaluminium chlorides instead of alum decreased not only undesirable effects of coagulation but improved also the efficiency of water treatment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marta Rak
Maria Świderska-Bróż

Phosphorus removal by microelectrolysis and sedimentation in the integrated devices

Bartosz Libecki Tomasz Mikołajczyk
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2021 | vol. 47 | No 1 | 3-9 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2021.136442
Keywords ZVI phosphorus removal microelectrolysis coagulator
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of tests performed on an installation with an aerated microelectrolytic bed (MEL-bed) and sludge sedimentation. The systems were designed in two versions, differing in the aeration method, i.e., a mechanically aerated coagulator (MAC) and an automatically aerated coagulator (AAC). The experiment demonstrated a high (approx. 84%) efficiency of phosphorus removal from a model solution for both versions. The corroding bed was the source of iron in the solution. In the initial phase aeration method affected the phosphorus removal rate, flocculation and sedimentation processes. Physical and chemical changes in the MEL-bed packing were observed.
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Bibliography

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  2. El Samrani, A.G., Lartiges, B.S., Montarges-Pelletier, E., Kazpard, V., Barres, O. & Ghanbaja, J. (2004).Clarification of municipal sewage with ferric chloride: the nature of coagulant species, Water Research, 38, pp. 756–768, DOI: 10.1016/jwatres.2003.10.002.
  3. Gromiec, M.J. & Gromiec, T.M. (2010). Controlling of eutrophication in aquatic environments, Journal of Water and Land Development, 14, pp. 29–35.
  4. Gu, A.Z., Liu, L., Neethling, J.B., Stensel, H.D. & Murthy, S. (2011). Treatability and fate of various phosphorus fractions in different wastewater treatment processes, Water Science and Technology, 63 (4), pp. 804–810, DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.215.
  5. Lai, B., Zhou, Y. & Yang, P. (2012). Passivation of sponge iron and GAC in Fe0/GAC mixed-potential corrosion reactor, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 51(22), pp. 7777–7785, DOI: 10.1021/ie203019t.
  6. Lakshmanan, D., Clifford, D.A. & Samanta, G. (2009). Ferrous and ferric ion generation during iron electrocoagulation, Environmental Science and Technology, 43(10), pp. 3853–3859, DOI: 10.1021/es8036669.
  7. Li, C., Ma, J., Shen, J. & Wang, P. (2009). Removal phosphate from secondary effluent with Fe2+ enhanced by H2O2 at nature pH/neutral pH, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 166, pp. 891–896, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.11.111.
  8. Libecki, B. (2018) Koagulator do oczyszczania ścieków (Coagulator for wastewater treatment) Patent Application, Polish Patent Office, application No: P.426089
  9. Ma, L. & Zhang, W.-X. (2008). Enhanced biological treatment of industrial wastewater with bimetallic zero-valent iron, Environmental Science and Technology, 42, pp. 5384–5389, DOI: 10.1021/es801743s.
  10. Mak, M.S.H., & Irene, M.C. (2009). Effects of hardness and alkalinity on the removal of arsenic(V) from humic acid-deficient and humic acid-rich groundwater by zero-valent iron, Water Research, 43, pp. 4296–4304, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.06.022.
  11. Qin, Sh., Li, X., Zhang, T. & Ronga, W. (2011). Pretreatment of chemical cleaning wastewater by microelectrolysis process, Procedia Environmental Sciences, 10, pp. 1154–1158, DOI: 10.1016/j.proenv.2011.09.184.
  12. Sarin, P., Snoeyink, V.L., Lytle, D.A. & Kriven, W.M. (2004). Iron corrosion scales: model for scale growth, iron release, and colored water formation, Journal of Environmental Engineering, 4, pp. 364–373.
  13. Sleiman, N., Deluchat, V., Wazne, M., Mallet, M., Courtin-Nomade, A., Kazpard, V. & Baudu, M. (2016). Phosphate removal from aqueous solution using ZVI/sand bed reactor: Behavior and mechanism, Water Research, 99, pp. 56–65, DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.054.
  14. Smoczyński, L., Muńska, K.T., Kosobucka, M. & Pierożyński, B. (2014). Phosphorus and COD removal from chemically coagulated wastewater, Environmental Protection Engineering, 40(3), pp. 63–73.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bartosz Libecki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Mikołajczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland

Effectiveness of "Enhanced Coagulation" in Low Mineralization Water Treatment

Jolanta Gumińska
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2005 | vol. 31 | No 3 | 109-115
Keywords soft water organic compounds enhanced coagulation trihalomcthans
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Abstract

During the process of ,,enhanced coagulation" except for colloids and suspensions removal, the removal of associated organic compounds including DPD (Disinfection By-Products) precursors is crucial. It is often necessary to decrease color and turbidity of treated water to values which arc significantly lower than accepted for drinking water. On the basis of presented results of the research it was found out that under strict technological conditions coagulation of low mineralization waters ensures effective treatment, including significant THMs precursors removal, even when water is of low temperature. However, it is necessary to apply two different methods of coagulation (volumetric coagulation and direct filtration) dependently of water temperature with the usage of the same equipment (a flocculation chamber, a vertical sedimentation tank and a pressure rapid filter) including the same point of a coagulant dosing. During the periods of ,,high temperature" the treatment should be based on volumetric coagulation and during the periods of ,,low temperature" of water direct filtration should be applied.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jolanta Gumińska

Study on Pre-Cleaning of Post Production Wastewater Containing Organic Glue by the Process of Coagulation with the Use of Calcium Hydroxide

Barbara Juraszka Tadeusz Piecuch
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2008 | vol. 34 | No 4 | 47-61
Keywords Organic adhesive wood processing wastewaters treatment coagulation
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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Juraszka
Tadeusz Piecuch

Technological and Toxicological Aspects of the Coagulation of Leachates from Municipal Solid Waste Landfill

Jacek Wąsowski Bożenna Słomczyńska Tomasz Słomczyński
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2006 | vol. 32 | No 2 | 41 - 54
Keywords MSW landfill leachates coagulation toxicity battery of tests
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Abstract

Lcachates from municipal solid waste landfills should be included in the group of strongly contaminated industrial wastewaters. This results form the presence of highly concentrated various organic and inorganic compounds, which frequently have toxic properties. Therefore, the proper purification of the leachates prior to their discharging to the environment is of great importance. One of the chemical methods that can be used for the purification of leachates is coagulation. The main objective of the experiments presented in the current study was to determine the effect of coagulation, combined with sedimentation, on the physicchemical and toxicological characteristics of leachates from one of a municipal solid waste landfill in Poland. Standard .jar-test" experiments were employed for coagulation. Polyaluminum chloride and ferric chloride were used as coagulants. Raw leachates as well as those after coagulation were tested for toxicity using a battery of tests embracing algal growth inhibition test, microbiotests and IQ Toxicity Tests with crustaceans and bacterial luminescence inhibition test (LUM!Stox). The studies carried out demonstrated that ferric chloride (0.92 g Fc3·/CODc, removed) is more effective technologically in the removal of organic compounds from lcachates than polyaluminum chloride (1.22 g AP'/CODc, removed). For optimal doses of coagulants the most advantageous coagulation effects were achieved at pH 6.5-6.6, adjusted with the use of NaOH. Coagulation conducted under optimal conditions allows for reducing the content of organic compounds, as expressed by CODc, values, from 40 to 84%. This effect of organic compound removal from leachatcs in the process of coagulation did not result in significant decrease of their toxicity, For the above reasons the coagulation process can be useful only as one of the clements· of a technological setup for the purification of leachates from municipal solid waste landfills. The battery of tests used in the studies proved usefulness for the evaluation of the toxicity of leachatcs with varied degree of contamination as well as at various stages of their purification.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Wąsowski
Bożenna Słomczyńska
Tomasz Słomczyński

Removal of nitrates and organic compounds from aqueous solutions by zero valent (ZVI) iron reduction coupled with coagulation/ precipitation proces

Ewa Wiśniowska Maria Włodarczyk-Makuła
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2020 | vol. 46 | No 3 | 22-29 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2020.134532
Keywords coagulation nitrates reduction process zero valent iron (ZVI)
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Abstract

The removal of nitrates from aqueous solutions is cumbersome because of their high solubility in water. The use of zero-valent iron (ZVI) for the reduction of nitrates is the chemical process and it is an alternative method to the biological ones. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the eff ectiveness of nitrates removal from water solution by using the ZVI process. The process was coupled with the removal of COD, phosphates and turbidity by using by-products of nitrates reduction. Batch tests were performed to evaluate the eff ectiveness of ZVI in the removal of nitrates from aqueous solutions. The eff ectiveness of nitrates removal was analyzed after 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 min. and compared to the initial concentration of pollutants. Simultaneously analysis of ammonium nitrogen and nitrites was controlled to identify products of nitrates reduction under various pH. The removal of COD, phosphates and turbidity was also performed in batch tests. The eff ectiveness of the emoval by using three types of chemicals was compared – PIX, FeSO4, and waste Fe2+/Fe3+ from the ZVI process. The results obtained in the study indicate that ZVI can be eff ectively used in the treatment of water polluted with nitrates and the by-products of the process could be further applied in the removal of COD, phosphates and turbidity. Based on the results the method should be advised as a promising alternative to the technologies used nowadays under technical scale as a technology that fits with a circular economy.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Wiśniowska
1
Maria Włodarczyk-Makuła
1
  1. Częstochowa University of Technology, Poland

Mathematical modeling of radiofrequency ablation during open-heart surgery

Yurii Stasiuk Vitaliy Maksymenko Maryna Sychyk
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2020 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 423-431 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2020.133035
Keywords arrhythmia coagulation heart modeling radiofrequency ablation resistive heating
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Abstract

In this article a three-dimensional mathematical model of radiofrequency ablation during open-heart surgery is presented. It was developed to study temperature field distribution into myocardial tissue. This model uses an anatomically correct 3D model for the left atrium, obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) processing of a patient; takes into account thermoelectric characteristic differences depending on the area of electric current application; considers cooling by the air flow. An ex-vivo experiment on the pig’s heart was performed where the depth of myocardium tissue damage was measured for the model validation. It was shown that the deviation of the model data from the experiment is within the limits of instrumental measurement error. The developed model is proposed to be used for heart ablation procedures planning, or new equipment development.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yurii Stasiuk
Vitaliy Maksymenko
Maryna Sychyk

Natural coagulation as an alternative to raw water treatment

Ángel Villabona-Ortíz Candelaria Tejada-Tovar Rodrigo Ortega-Toro Natalia Licona Dager Marta Millan Anibal
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2023 | No 56 | 21-26 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2023.143740
Keywords agitation speed coagulant concentration flocculation turbid waters yam
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Abstract

The availability of drinking water is one of the several problems humans face, considering that its availability is reduced to 0.80% of the existing fresh water. Then, coagulation-flocculation is a stage of this treatment. It is a process that agglomerates the suspended particles in a larger (floc) that could be separated by sedimentation and filtration processes to make the water drinkable. So, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of the dose of coagulant of yam starch ( Dioscorea rotundata) and the speed of agitation in the turbid water treatment process. For which the yam starch was extracted by implementing two methods which were NaOH and H2O, using centrifugation at 1500 rpm for 10 min, and adjusting the pH with HCl and NaOH 0.20 M, for later determining the effect of agitation speed (rpm) and coagulant concentration (ppm) on the percentage of turbidity removal, pH, and colour, to be compared with a synthetic coagulant. A yield of 42.60% was found in the wet base. The natural coagulants extracted with NaOH presented better turbidity removal, with a percentage of 92.48% at an agitation speed of 40 rpm and a concentration of 250 ppm. It can be concluded that natural yam coagulant can be recommended for use in the coagulation stage in the raw water treatment process for subsequent conversion to drinking water.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ángel Villabona-Ortíz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Candelaria Tejada-Tovar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Rodrigo Ortega-Toro
2
ORCID: ORCID
Natalia Licona Dager
1
Marta Millan Anibal
1
  1. Universidad de Cartagena, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia
  2. Universidad de Cartagena, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Avenida Del Consulado 48-152, Cartagena 130014, Colombia

The removal efficiency and reaction mechanism of the aluminum coagulant on phenolic compounds in the presence of hardness salts

Lynda Hecini Hassen Boukerker Wahida Kherifi Abdelkarim Mellah Samia Achour
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 54 | 225-233 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.141576
Keywords phenolic compounds hardness salt aluminum sulphate coagulation-flocculation mechanism
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Abstract

This study is the evaluation of the coagulation efficiency of the aluminum sulfate on the removal of catechol and pyrogallol. The study has focused on the impact of inorganic components of hardness Algerian waters. Jar-test trials were conducted on the two phenolic compounds dissolved in distilled water only, which was later enriched with minerals. Several reaction parameters varied, including the effect of pH and the influence of the salt content, and this approach yielded a better understanding of interaction between phenolic compounds and calcium/magnesium salts. The results indicate that the process efficiency depends on the number and position of OH in molecules. The main mechanisms would be either a physical adsorption, an exchange of ligand, or complexation on the floc surface of aluminum hydroxide. Moreover, the addition of inorganic salts appears to improve removal efficiency of tested phenolic compounds and have an effect on the optimal pH range for coagulation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lynda Hecini
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hassen Boukerker
2
ORCID: ORCID
Wahida Kherifi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Abdelkarim Mellah
1
ORCID: ORCID
Samia Achour
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Scientific and Technical Research Center for Arid Areas (CRSTRA), M.B. 1682 Biskra 07000, Algeria
  2. University of Biskra, Laboratory in Underground and Surface Hydraulics (LARHYSS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Civil Engineering and Hydraulics, Biskra, Algeria

Utilization of cylindrical Cu/Fe galvanic cell as an effective method for the removal of humic acids

Bartosz Libecki Tomasz Mikołajczyk Bogusław Pierożyński Mateusz Kuczyński
Chemical and Process Engineering: New Frontiers | 2023 | vol. 44 | No 3 (24th Polish Conference of Chemical and Process Engineering, 13-16 June 2023, Szczecin, Poland. Guest editor: Prof. Rafał Rakoczy and 8th European Process Intensification Conference, 31.05–2.06.2023, Warsaw, Poland.) | e17 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2023.146719
Keywords galvanic cell iron anode electrochemical coagulation humic acids removal
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Abstract

Humic substances (HS) are hydrophobic parts of dissolved organic matter, which are hard to degrade using biological processes. When exposed to disinfection processes, the HS present in wastewater could lead to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), which are harmful and dangerous to health. Thus, a chemical coagulation process is commonly used for HS removal. This work used a cylindrical galvanic cell (CGC) with an iron anode and a copper cathode, where the dissolution of the anode served as an alternative source of metal ions for HS coagulation. The galvanic cell current for CGC stabilized at around 0.6 mA, and the voltage fluctuated, ca. 0.5 V for all solutions. The peaks observed on cyclic voltammograms could be associated only with oxidation and dissolution of iron; no other process was identified. After the process, the structures and molecular composition of the anode surface suggest the loss of Fe mass and the formation of iron oxides due to corrosion. The initial pH of the tested solution influenced the total Fe concentration in the solution as well as colour and turbidity. The quantitative removal of HS by electrolysis and membrane filtration processes at initial pHi = 6.0 yielded 72% and 90%, respectively, after 6 and 10 min. The mechanism of sorption on the flocs of hydroxides as a primary factor in HA removal was suggested.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bartosz Libecki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Mikołajczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bogusław Pierożyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mateusz Kuczyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Departmentof Chemistry, Łódzki Square 4, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland

Deagglomeration and Coagulation of Particles in Liquid Metal Under Ultrasonic Treatment

Olga Kudryashova Alexander Vorozhtsov Pavel Danilov
Archives of Acoustics | 2019 | vol. 44 | No 3 | 543-549 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2019.129269
Keywords acoustic field ultrasonic processing metal melt nanoparticles acoustic coagulation cavitation acoustic deagglomeration
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Abstract

Ultrasonic processing in the cavitation mode is used to produce the composite materials based on the metal matrix and reinforcing particles of micro- and nano-sizes. In such a case, the deagglomeration of aggregates and the uniform distribution of particles are the expected effects. Although the particles can not only fragment in the acoustic field, they also can coagulate, coarsen and precipitate. In this paper, a theoretical study of processes of deagglomeration and coagulation of particles in the liquid metal under ultrasonic treatment is made. The influence of various parameters of ultrasound and dispersion medium on the dynamics of particles in the acoustic field is considered on the basis of the proposed mathematical model. The criterion of leading process (coagulation or deagglomeration) has been proposed. The calculated results are compared with the experimental ones known from the scientific literature.

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Authors and Affiliations

Olga Kudryashova
Alexander Vorozhtsov
Pavel Danilov

Elimination of organic matter by optimising coagulation treatment: Case of water from the Sidi Yacoub dam, Algeria

Taieb Hadbi Saaed Hamoudi Abdelamir
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 51 | 72-77 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.139017
Keywords aluminium sulphate coagulation ferric chloride organic matter Sidi Yacoub dam turbidity
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Abstract

The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) in water has a significant influence on water treatment processes. Water industries around the world consider coagulation/flocculation to be one of the main water treatment methods. The chief objective of conventional coagulation-based processes is to reduce the turbidity of the water and to remove natural organic matter (NOM) present in solutions. The aim of this paper is to present some developments in terms of improved coagulation for the drinking water of Sidi Yacoub treatment plant located in the Northwest of Algeria.
The experiments involved studying the effects of the application of two coagulants (ferric chloride and aluminium sulphate) on the removal of turbidity and natural organic matter from water by measuring the chemical oxygen demand ( COD) and the UV absorbance at 254 nm. The results showed that the rate of turbidity removal increased from 81.3% to 88% when ferric chloride was applied and from 89.91% to 94% when aluminium sulphate was applied. For NOM removal, the maximum removal rates of COD and UV254 were 48% and 52%, respectively, in the case of ferric chloride. These rates increased to 59% and 65% after optimised coagulation. When aluminium sulphate was used, the rate of removal in water increased from 43% to 55% for COD and from 47% to 59% for UV254 after optimised coagulation. The combination of the two coagulants at equal dosage shows a slight improvement in the values obtained after optimisation, both in terms of turbidity and the NOM.
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Authors and Affiliations

Taieb Hadbi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Saaed Hamoudi Abdelamir
2
  1. University of Science and Technology Mohamed Boudiaf of Oran, Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, El Mnaouar, BP 1505, Bir El Djir 31000, Oran, Algeria
  2. Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chlef, Algeria

Development of an automated system for electrochemical production of coagulant based on photocolorimetric analysis

Andrii Safonyk Ivanna Hrytsiuk Marko Klepach Maksym Mishchanchuk Andriy Khrystyuk
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 52 | 75-80 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.139946
Keywords coagulant colour of water electrocoagulation process photocolorimetric method RGB total iron wastewater treatment
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Abstract

The article describes the development of a model problem for electrocoagulation treatment of industrial wastewater taking into account changes in voltage and current. The study included computer simulation of the change in the concentration of iron at the output of the electrocoagulator at variable current levels. The laboratory-scale plant was developed for the photocolorimetric analysis of the iron-containing coagulant. It consisted of a flowing opaque cell through which water is pumped with a constant flow and also the block for processing and storage of information. Such structure allows to reduce human participation in the measurement process and to ensure the continuity of measurement without any need for sampling of the tested material, as well as to reduce the measurement cost. During the processing of results, graphical dependences were determined between RGB-components of water colour and the corresponding concentration of total iron and Fe3+ in water.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrii Safonyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ivanna Hrytsiuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marko Klepach
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maksym Mishchanchuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andriy Khrystyuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Automatics, Cybernetics and Computer Engineering, Soborna St, 11, Rivne, Rivnens’ka oblast, 33028, Ukraine

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