Applied sciences

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

Content

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | Early Access

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Abstract

The article presents the concept of dual-core bit.WORD programmable logic controller central processing unit. The idea is based on the use of two microprocessor cores, one fast and low-power for bit operations and one computationally efficient for word operations. The main contribution is a comparison of efficiency of the bit core and the word core. The paper presents results for logic utilization, core clock frequency and power consumption in order to undertake further implementation work related to the development of the bit.WORD unit.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bartłomiej Jekot
Błażej Korzuch
Fabian Oles
Paweł Lempa
Oskar Strajer
Rafał Przechowski
Robert Czerwiński
Mirosław Chmiel
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Abstract

A hybrid field-circuit model of a single-phase shell-type transformer that incorporates a three-dimensional analysis of the magnetic field in a transformer with beveled edges of the magnetic shunt. The finite element method (FEM) was employed, and the expressions for computing the magnetic field's differential and integral parameters were provided. For various positions of the magnetic shunt, the self- and mutual inductances of the transformer windings are calculated. Their values are stored in matrix form and serve as input data for the transformer circuit model. The differential equations governing the operation of a transformer with a movable magnetic shunt are formulated using Lagrangian methods. They were applied to the transformer's T-type equivalent circuit. This simulation model has been verified experimentally. Comparison of the measured and simulated time-course currents yields a good agreement. Furthermore, three electric arc models have been introduced to assess the applicability of the proposed approach under nonlinear loading. The results confirm that the mathematical model accurately predicts the transformer transients across a range of operating scenarios. Moreover, the presented simulation offers potential for broader application to other electromagnetic objects.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bronisław Tomczuk
ORCID: ORCID
Dawid Wajnert
Dawid Weber
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Abstract

This article proposes a practical and flexible modelling approach for a five-phase squirrel-cage induction motor that explicitly accounts for the shape of the air-gap magnetic flux density distribution. Two motor configurations are analysed and compared: one with a sinusoidal air-gap flux distribution and another with a quasi-trapezoidal distribution obtained through third-harmonic voltage injection. The proposed modelling framework is based on vector space decomposition into two orthogonal mathematical planes and is implemented using standard components available in the PLECS simulation environment. Finite element analysis is used to support the selection of model parameters and to evaluate the influence of harmonic injection on the air-gap flux distribution. The developed models are verified by simulations and laboratory experiments carried out on the five-phase induction motor. The results confirm that a quasi-trapezoidal air-gap flux distribution enables the second vector plane to contribute to torque production and leads to improved magnetic flux utilisation. The proposed approach provides a clear and flexible tool for the analysis and development of control strategies for five-phase induction motor drives.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Blecharz
ORCID: ORCID
Roland Ryndzionek
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the influence of a crumb rubber additive on the mechanical properties f a colliery spoils composite. The analysis covered compaction parameters (optimum moisture content, maximum dry density of solid particles) and shear strength parameters (angle of internal friction, cohesion) for composites containing 5%, 10%, and 20% crumb rubber. Compaction parameters were determined using the Proctor apparatus at a compaction energy of 0.59  J⋅cm⁻³. Shear strength parameters were measured in a direct shear apparatus on samples with a cross-sectional dimension of 12 × 12 cm and a height of 2.9 cm. Soil samples were sheared with and without water saturation at a rate of 0.1 mm⋅min⁻¹ until 15% horizontal deformation was achieved. The results indicate that the addition of crumb rubber decreases the maximum dry density of solid particles and increases the optimum moisture content, thereby impairing the material's compactibility. For shear strength, complex relationships were observed: a small addition of crumb rubber (5–10%) improves cohesion by up to 30%, while a higher content (20%) significantly reduces it, along with the angle of internal friction. Water saturation of the samples further decreases the strength parameters, particularly with large crumb rubber additions. The optimal crumb rubber addition ranged from 5 to 10%, yielding the best values of the angle of internal friction and cohesion. The research results highlight the high potential for using colliery spoils composites with crumb rubber in earthworks, provided that the component proportions are appropriately selected.
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Authors and Affiliations

Robert Wojtaszek
Andrzej Gruchot
ORCID: ORCID

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Guide for Authors

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Fees for open access publications in Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences:

2000 PLN (approx. 500 EUR) - up to 8 pages of the journal format and mandatory over-length charges of 250 PLN (approx. 60 EUR) per page (see the above link with instructions for Authors for details)

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Additional info

NEW PUBLICATION FEES
Articles submitted by December 31st, 2024: existing fee: 1500 PLN (and mandatory over-length charges of 230 PLN per page)
Articles submitted from January 1st, 2025: new fee: 2000 PLN (approx. 500 EUR- depending on the exchange rate) - a flat fee per paper up to 8 pages of the journal format (each additional page will be charged an additional 250 PLN).

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