Science and earth science

Polish Polar Research

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Polish Polar Research | Accepted articles

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Abstract

Pine Island Glacier (PIG) is one of the most dynamic ice streams in West Antarctica, with significant basal melting and ice shelf retreat profoundly influencing its behavior. In this study, through remote sensing imagery and ice flow velocity data, we identified two major retreats of the PIG ice shelf in 2015 and 2018, and notable fluctuations in the ice flow velocities of PIG ice flow from 2013 to 2018. Analysis of CryoSat-2 data revealed that the annual average basal melt rate of the ice shelf peaked at ~14±0.8 m yr–1 in 2016. We conducted simulations using an ice flow model to assess the effects of ice shelf retreat and basal melting. The results showed that the significant acceleration of ice flow on PIG in 2018 was due to the removal of the compressive arch during the 2018 ice shelf retreat, causing large dynamic changes. The deceleration in 2016 was attributed to substantial basal melting, which reduced the longitudinal force and weakened the ice shelf’s buttressing force, leading to an acceleration in 2017. Furthermore, extensive basal melting promoted the development of surface fractures on the southern side of the main ice shelf, contributing to the significant retreat observed in 2018. Consequently, a “melting-fracture-collapse-acceleration” process has been identified, which is supposed to occur in ice shelves with significant basal melting. A sudden decrease in the surface flow velocity of an ice shelf may serve as an early warning for an accelerated rate of mass loss in the ice shelf system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Boya Yan
1 2 3
ORCID: ORCID
Baojun Zhang
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Pei Jiang
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Qian Li
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Yunsi Wu
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Mingliang Liu
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430079, China
  2. Key Laboratory of Polar Environment Monitoring and Public Governance (Wuhan University), 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430079, China
  3. School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 188 Tanhualin Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430065, China
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Abstract

Diatom assemblages collected from ponds and pools surrounding Arctowski Station (King George Island, South Shetland Islands) have been investigated. The study focused on two groups of samples: archival samples collected in the 1990s and contemporary samples collected in 2015. All samples were analysed following the revised taxonomy. A total of 118 diatom taxa representing 38 different genera were identified. The diatom flora consisted of both species typical of the maritime Antarctica (47% of all taxa), as well as cosmopolitan species (21% of all taxa). Four European taxa (Adlafia minuscula, Nitzschia palea, Nitzschia perminuta, Surirella angusta), that have not been previously observed in Antarctica, have been recorded. The potential sources of their presence in Antarctica are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Natalia Kochman-Kędziora
1
Teresa Noga
2
Maria Olech
3 4
ORCID: ORCID
Bart Van De Vijver
5 6
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35–601 Rzeszów, Poland
  2. University of Rzeszow, Department of Soil Studies, Environmental, Chemistry and Hydrology, Zelwerowicza 8B, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
  3. Department of Polar Research and Documentation, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 27, 31-501 Kraków, Poland
  4. Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland
  5. Research Department, Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium
  6. Department of Biology, ECOSPHERE, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerpen, Belgium
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Abstract

The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) was determined for 147 specimens from 14 sites of Cretaceous to Eocene volcanics from south-central King George Island. For selected specimens parameters of hysteresis and thermomagnetic behavior were also studied. The AMS record was generally not modified by tectonic stress and deformations. In these weakly anisotropic rocks, the maximum susceptibility axes in most cases are convergent with the magma flow directions. The AMS data from the rocks cropping out close to the Ezcurra Fault do not support thesis about large scale dextral tectonic transport along it. The terrane model of this part of King George Island also seems to lack justification. The Ezcurra Fault most probably did not act as the strike-slip fault at least since the late Eocene.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Nawrocki
1
Tomasz Werner
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Księcia Janusza 64, 01-452 Warsaw, Poland

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The quarterly Polish Polar Research invites original scientific papers dealing with all aspects of polar research. The journal aims to provide a forum for publication of high-quality research papers, which are of international interest.

We warmly welcome review papers and proposals for thematic Special Issues.

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