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Abstract

In the article publications have been analyzed and summarized on this topic: studied the experience of implementing building information models and geographic information models for administrative and economic management of transport infrastructure facilities on the example of the regional airport activity. After the stage of collecting geospatial data from various sources and sensors, the data is imported into CAD-systems or GIS-systems. Different software products are used to work with both of these models. The processes of data organization in the process of creating building information models and geographic information models differ to some extent. The issues of integration of such models are not yet fully addressed and need to be addressed. In the process of integration of spatial data, solutions to the integration of semantics, topology, formats and standards of geospatial data are needed. An important task is to develop and study the experience of creating software modules that allow you to integrate BIM-models into geographic information systems. Based on the research, it is established that the current area of research is the development of technologies that allow the generation of information from BIM and GIS to create a more interconnected infrastructure. The integration of BIM and GIS information to create a spatial data infrastructure (SDI) is a perspective direction.
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Authors and Affiliations

Olena Boyko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dmitry Prusov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Borys Chetverikov
3
ORCID: ORCID
Maria Malanchuk
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine
  2. Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv, Ukraine
  3. Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
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Abstract

To reduce the sediment transport capacity, shear stress needs to be reduced as well. The article describes work that has been done to find a way to make these reductions possible. The theoretical study and the approach proposed allowed us to obtain a general equation that determines conditions and calculates the most important parameters which support the reduction of shear stress. This describes the mechanism that erodes soils by free surface water flow.
In a similar vein, we have shown that adding a short non-prismatic channel to the entrance of a prismatic channel, which has the same geometric shape, is a very powerful way to reduce shear stress. With the idea of reducing shear stress, we have shown that the water-surface profile type plays a key role and must therefore be included in future reflections on reducing the importance of shear stress.
Additionally, the notion of efficiency was introduced that allows to evaluate the expected gain after the reduction of shear stress and adding a short non-prismatic channel.
The laws of similarity applied to free surface flows allowed us to obtain an equation with several equivalence scales and compare different geometric shapes in terms of their efficiency in the reduction of shear stress.
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Bibliography

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POINCARÉ H. 1881. Mémoires sur les courbes définies par une équation différentielle [Memoir on the curves defined by a differential equation] [online]. Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appli-quées. Ser. 3. Vol. 7 p. 375–422. [Access 10.02.2021]. Available at: http://sites.mathdoc.fr/JMPA/PDF/JMPA_1881_3_7_A20_0.pdf
PUGH C.A. 1985. Hydraulic model studies of fuse plug embankments [online]. Denver, CO. Bureau of Reclamation, Engineering and Research Center. Report No. REC-ERC-85-7 pp. 33. [Access 20.02.2021]. Available at: https://www.usbr.gov/tsc/techrefer-ences/rec/REC-ERC-85-7.pdf
SMERDON E.T, BEASLEY R.P. 1959. The tractive force theory applied to stability of open channels in cohesive soils [online]. Columbia, MO. University of Missouri, Missouri. USA. Agricultural Experiment Station. Research Bulletin. No. 715 pp. 36. [Access 20.02.2021]. Available at: https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/ handle/10355/58141
TROUT T.J., NEIBLING W.H. 1993. Erosion and sedimentation processes on irrigated fields. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineer-ing. Vol. 119. No. 6. DOI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1993)119:6(947).
YALIN M.S. 1971. Theory of hydraulic models. London. Macmillan Civil Engineering Hydraulics. The Macmillan Press LTD, USA. ISBN 978-0408004824 pp. 266.
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Authors and Affiliations

Samir Haddad
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Houari Boumediène University of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering. LEGHYD Laboratory, BP 32 Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
  2. Akli Mohand Oulhadj University of Bouira, Rue Frères Boussendalah, 10000 Bouira, Algeria
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of research on the kinetics of the binding process of self-hardening moulding sands with an organic binder under conditions of forced air flow at various pressure values. Three moulding sands made using urea-furfuryl resin Furanol FR75A technology were studied. The moulding sands were prepared on a base of quartz sand with an average grain size of dL = 0.25, 0.29 and and 0.37 mm , with permeability values of 306 , 391 and and 476 m 2/10 8Pa ∙ s (for ρ0 = 1.60 , 1.60 and and 1.61 g/cm 3, respectively). The research was conducted for a resin content of 1% with a constant proportion of hardener to resin, which was equal to 50%. Samples of the tested moulding sands were blown with air at pressures of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 bar. The kinetics of the hardening process was monitored using ultrasound technology, according to a previously developed methodology [1]. The research was carried out on an ultrasound testing station equipped with a temperature chamber and an airflow reducer. The tests were conducted at a temperature of 20°C, and of the air flow pressure on the changes in ultrasonic wave velocity in the hardening mouldins sand as a function of time, the kinetics of the hardening process, and the degree of moulding sand hardening were determined. Additionally, the influence of the moulding sand permeability on the course of the hardening process at a constant air flow pressure was determined.
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Bibliography

[1] Zych, J. (2007). Synthesis of the applications of ultrasonic technology in the analysis of the kinetics of selected processes occurring in molding materials. AGH Uczelniane Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Dydaktyczne. Seria: Rozprawy i Monografie nr 163, Kraków. (in Polish).
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[9] Matonis, N. & Zych, J. (2022). Plasticity changes of moulding sands with chemical binders caused by increasing the hardenin degree. Archives od Foundry Engineering. 22(2), 71-76. DOI: 10.24425/afe.2022.140227.
[10] Zych, J. (1999). Patent Nr PL 192202 B1. Kraków
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Authors and Affiliations

Natalia Matonis
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Poland
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Abstract

The notion of free will, which supports moral responsibility in various accounts of Catholic moral theology, is in a particular way situated at the intersection of theological and non-theological disciplines. Early studies on volition in cognitive neuroscience, inspired by Libet’s experiment (1983), suggested that free will is an illusion because our conscious intentions do not cause corresponding actions: these are initiated beforehand by unconscious brain processes. Although this seems to contradict basic anthropological and ethical assumptions, a closer look at this thesis renders it immature. At the same time, new developments in the multidisciplinary science of human volition draw attention to several aspects of freedom and agency that may be central to the way people take action and control their lives. The implications of this research may provoke some reformulations on the side of theological ethics. They may also point to certain schools and traditions, such as Christian virtue ethics, as theologically preferable.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mateusz Jarmużewski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle (The Netherlands)

[?]

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Abstract

The paper presents the experimental results on the determination of melt parameters such as the energy of the boundary, contact angle, density and kinematic viscosity of low and medium alloy steels at different temperatures, as well as the dispersion of their dendritic structure in solidified castings. The analysis of the data obtained allowed revealing using mathematical models the influence of the chemical composition and temperature of melts on their properties and the dendritic structure of castings. It was established the variation of the melt parameters depending on the particular chemical elements of steels as C, Si, Mn, O, P, V, Cr. The established analytical dependences shown that increasing density and viscosity contributes to the dispersion of the dendritic structure and viscosity is of the major effect. The derived quantitative patterns allows to evaluate structure formation of cast structural low and medium alloy steels.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Y. Aftandiliants
1
ORCID: ORCID
S. Gnyloskurenko
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
H. Meniailo
3
ORCID: ORCID
V. Khrychikov
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
  2. Physical and Technological Institute of Metals and Alloys, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
  3. Ukrainian State University of Science and Technologies, Ukraine
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Abstract

The work presents the effect of the addition of graphite from recycled graphite electrodes on the mechanical properties of metal matrix composites (MMC) based on the AlMg10 alloy. A composite based on the AlMg10 alloy reinforced with natural graphite particles was also tested. Further, tests of the mechanical properties of the AlMg10 alloy were performed for comparative purposes. Composites with a particle content of 5, 10 and 15 percent by volume were produced by adding introduction of particles into the liquid matrix while mechanically mixing molten alloy. The composite suspensions were gravitationally cast into metal molds. Samples for the Rm, R0.2, A and E tests were made from the prepared castings. Photos of the microstructures of the materials were also taken. The research shows that the addition of graphite to the matrix alloy causes minor changes in tensile strength (Rm) and yield strength (R02), regardless of the type of graphite used. The results of the relative elongation tests showed that the introduction of graphite particles into the matrix alloy had an adverse effect on the elongation values in the case of each of the tested composites. The introduction of graphite particles into the AlMg10 alloy significantly increased the Young’s modulus value, both in the case of composites with flake graphite (natural) and graphite from ground graphite electrodes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Łągiewka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

The article aims to characterize Hadfield steel by analyzing its chemical composition, mechanical properties, and microstructure. The study focused on the twinning-induced work hardening of the alloy, which led to an increase in its hardness. The experimental data show that the material hardness at the surface improved considerably after solution heat treatment and work hardening, reaching more than 750 HV. By contrast, the hardness of the material core in the supersaturated condition was about 225 HV. The chemical and phase compositions of the material at the surface were compared with those of the core. The microstructural analysis of the steel revealed characteristic decarburization of the surface layer after solution heat treatment. The article also describes the effects of heat treatment on the properties and microstructure of Hadfield steel. The volumetric (qualitative) analysis of the computed tomography (CT) data of Hadfield steel subjected to heavy dynamic loading helped detect internal flaws, assess the material quality, and potentially prevent the structural failure or damage of the element tested.
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Authors and Affiliations

Damian Bańkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr S. Młynarczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech P. Depczyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kazimierz Bolanowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Kielce University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

In order to clarify the action law of the swirl oxygen lance jet on the melt pool of the converter and to determine the optimal swirl angle of the swirl oxygen lance for the 120t converter, this study establishes the gas-liquid two-phase flow model of the oxygen lance with different swirl angles based on the realizable k-ε model and the VOF multiphase flow model. The gas-liquid interface behavior during the interaction between the jet and the molten pool was analyzed, and the flow pattern of molten steel in the molten pool was mainly investigated. The results show that compared with traditional oxygen lance, the rotating oxygen lance jet enhances the stirring of the melt pool and intensifies the fluctuation of the melt pool liquid level. The depth of the impact cavity decreases with the increase of the swirl angle, but the diameter of the impact cavity increases with the increase of the swirl angle. When the jet with a swirl angle of 10 ° impacts the surface of the melt pool, the turbulence energy obtained by the molten steel is the highest, the average flow velocity inside the melt pool is the highest, and the molten steel is stirred more thoroughly, achieving better melting effects.
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Authors and Affiliations

Haoran Ma
1
Guangqiang Liu
2
Chengcheng Xu
3
Kun Liu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Peng Han
1

  1. College of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 3114051, China
  2. College of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China
  3. Cold rolling mill plant, ANGANG Steel Company Limited, Anshan 114021, China
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Abstract

This study investigates image processing techniques for detecting surface cracks in spring steel components, with a focus on applications like Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI) in industries such as railways and automotive. The research details a comprehensive methodology that covers data collection, software tools, and image processing methods. Various techniques, including Canny edge detection, Hough Transform, Gabor Filters, and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), are evaluated for their effectiveness in crack detection. The study identifies the most successful methods, providing valuable insights into their performance. The paper also introduces a novel batch processing approach for efficient and automated crack detection across multiple images. The trade-offs between detection accuracy and processing speed are analyzed for the Morphological Top-hat filter and Canny edge filter methods. The Top-hat method, with thresholding after filtering, excelled in crack detection, with no false positives in tested images. The Canny edge filter, while efficient with adjusted parameters, needs further optimization for reducing false positives. In conclusion, the Top-hat method offers an efficient approach for crack detection during MPI. This research offers a foundation for developing advanced automated crack detection system, not only to spring sector but also extends to various industrial processes such as casting and forging tools and products, thereby widening the scope of applicability.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin M. Marciniak
1

  1. Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

An as-cast aluminum billet with a diameter of 100 mm has been successfully prepared from aluminum scrap by using direct chill (DC) casting method. This study aims to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of such as-cast billets. Four locations along a cross-section of the as-cast billet radius were evaluated. The results show that the structures of the as-cast billet are a thin layer of coarse columnar grains at the solidified shell, feathery grains at the half radius of the billet, and coarse equiaxed grains at the billet center. The grain size tends to decrease from the center to the surface of the as-cast billet. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the hardness values obtained from this research slightly increase from the center to the surface of the as-cast billet. The distribution of Mg, Fe, and Si elements over the cross-section of the as-cast billet is inhomogeneous. The segregation analysis shows that Si has negative segregation towards the surface, positive segregation at the middle, and negative segregation at the center of the as-cast billet. On the other hand, the Mg element is distributed uniformly in small quantities in the cross-section of the as-cast billet.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kardo Rajagukguk
1 2 4
ORCID: ORCID
Suyitno Suyitno
3 4
Harwin Saptoadi
1
I. K. Indraswari Kusumaningtyas
1
Budi Arifvianto
1 4
Muslim Mahardika
1 4

  1. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, South Lampung, Lampung 35365, Indonesia
  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tidar, Jl. Kapten Suparman 39, North Magelang, 56116, Indonesia
  4. Center for Innovation of Medical Equipment and Devices (CIMEDs), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Teknika Utara Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Abstract

Manufacturing by casting method in aluminum and its alloys is preferred by different industries today. It may be necessary to improve the mechanical properties of the materials according to different industries and different strength requirements. The mechanical properties of metal alloys are directly related to the microstructure grain sizes. Therefore, many grain reduction methods are used during production or heat treatment. In this study, A356 alloys were molded into molds at 750 °C and exposed to vibration frequency at 0, 8.33, 16.66, 25, and 33.33 Hz during solidification. Optical microscopes images were analyzed in image analysis programs to measure the grain sizes of the samples that solidified after solidification. In addition, microhardness tests of samples were carried out to examine the effect of vibration and grain reduction on mechanical behavior. In the analyzes made, it was determined that the grain sizes decreased from 54.984 to 26.958 μm and the hardness values increased from 60.48 to 126.94 HV with increasing vibration frequency.
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Authors and Affiliations

Taha Süreyya Özgü
1
ORCID: ORCID
Recep Çalın
1
ORCID: ORCID
Naci Arda Tanış
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Kırıkkale University, Turkey
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Abstract

As a part of this work, an analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding the use of additive technology - binder jetting in the production of castings was made. The binder jetting (so-called 3D printing) has become the leading method of sand mold and core production. Within this paper types of molding and core sands with organic and inorganic binders that are and can be used in technology were analyzed. The need to carry out works aimed at developing pro-ecological molding / core sands with inorganic binders and organic binders with reduced harmfulness to the environment dedicated to binder jetting technology was noticed. The influence of technology parameters on the properties of molding / core sands and the properties of cast components was analyzed. It was shown that thanks to the unlimited shapes of the systems obtained with the use of additive technologies, it is possible to influence the rate of heat dissipation through the mold, which positively effects the process of solidification and crystallization of the castings.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dawid Halejcio
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Major-Gabryś
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Foundry Engineering Department of Moulding Materials, Mould Technology and Non-ferrous Metals al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow
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Abstract

This article presents the results of research into the characteristics of cast steel alloyed with chromium and vanadium, subjected to heat treatment for increased strength parameters. In the first part, it discusses the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding technological developments in the field of cast-steel alloys and the influence of individual alloying additives on the microstructure and the properties of the steel alloy. Further sections present the results of microstructure observations performed with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. This research focuses on the material in the state directly after casting and after heat treatment, which involved quenching and tempering at 200 °C. The microstructural analysis performed as part of this research has informed the discussion of the results obtained from tensile and impact strength tests. The article also includes the results of a fractography analysis performed as the final part of the tests and offers a general summary and conclusions.
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Authors and Affiliations

B. Białobrzeska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wrocław University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

The paper deals with the possibilities of using alkali silicate based inorganic binders for automotive industry aluminium castings production. In recent years, inorganic binders are coming back to the foreground and their manufacturers are developing new processes, which are starting to progressively supersede organic binder systems. Paper describes known knowledge about classic alkali silicate binders with focus on hardening processes and on improving their technological properties. Trends from the area of development and the use new alkali silicate based inorganic binders are also shortly described. As part of the experimental work, specific methods of producing samples were developed, with the help of which properties such as disintegration were subsequently evaluated by measuring abrasion and residual strengths. Characteristics such as residual compressive strength or shear strength at different thermal loads were also evaluated. When comparing the laboratory results with the results of de-coring in real conditions, a high degree of correlation was achieved, which makes it possible to determine the optimal recipe/procedure for the production of geometrically complex cores.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Bruna
1
ORCID: ORCID
I. Vasková
2
ORCID: ORCID
M. Medňanský
1
ORCID: ORCID
P. Delimanová
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Technological Engineering, University of Zilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia
  2. Institute Of Metallurgy, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia
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Abstract

The surface temperature of steel billets during hot rolling can reach up to 1200 °C. High temperature promotes rapid oxidation of the surface of steel billets, forming a dense oxide layer similar to fish scales. If not removed in a timely manner, it will damage the surface of the steel billets and exacerbate the wear of the rolls during the descaling process. There are many methods for descaling, but high-pressure water jet has become the main method for descaling due to its excellent descaling performance, low cost, and ease of use. The tip of the descaling nozzle serves as the main component, and its structural parameters affect the final descaling effect. This research changes the shape factor of the nozzle groove curve and the diameter of the nozzle throat, and performs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations on the simplified nozzle external flow field. The axial velocity at the center of the jet generates a velocity peak at 0.5-1 Dc. The peak velocity increases with the increase of shape factor and throat diameter, and the influence of shape factor on the peak velocity is greater. For a constant target distance, the length of the velocity stable section along the jet impact line increases with the increase of the shape factor. The maximum value of dynamic pressure increases, and the smaller the target distance, the greater the dynamic pressure difference. The trend of water volume is roughly the same as that of dynamic pressure.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Bowen Yang
1
Guangqiang Liu
2
Chengcheng Xu
3
Kun Liu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Peng Han
1

  1. School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, China
  2. School of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, China
  3. Cold Rolling Mill Plant, ANGANG Steel Company Limited, China
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of a study on the use of infrared thermography to assess the quality of liquid metal, a basic semi-finished product used in foundry production. EN AC-46000 alloy with the designation AlSi9Cu3(Fe) was used for the study. The crystallization process of the alloy was investigated using the TDA method with a Crystaldigraph device and Optris PI thermal imaging camera. The research describes how to use a thermal imaging camera to assess the quality of aluminium alloys. These alloys, due to their propensity in the liquid state to oxidise and absorb hydrogen, a refining procedure in the melting process. The effects of alloy refining are evaluated during technological tests of hydrogen solubility, density and casting shrinkage. The results presented in this paper showed that there is a statistical correlation between the density of the metal and the temperature values from the thermogram of the sample, obtained during its solidification. The existing correlation makes it possible to develop a thermographic inspection algorithm that allows a fast and non-contact assessment of aluminium alloy quality.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Władysiak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lodz University of Technology, Department of Materials Engineering and Production Systems, Łódź, Poland
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Abstract

During the casting cycle, the relatively cold material of the mold comes into contact with the significantly higher temperature melt, which causes high temperature fluctuations on the face of the mold and in its volume, which cause cyclic temperature stress. The submitted article is based on conclusions of the article “Evaluation of the temperature distribution of a die casting mold of X38CrMoV5_1 steel”, in which the modification of temperature relations of the mold in the direction from the mold face to its volume was investigated. In current article, the influence of the tempering channel distance on the temperature modification in the volume of high pressure die casting mold is investigated. Three variants of the tempering channels placements with different location respecting the mold cavity were investigated. The temperature was monitored in two selected locations, with distribution of 1mm, 2mm, 5mm, 10mm and 20mm in the direction from the mold cavity surface to the volume of fixed and movable part of the mold. As a comparative parameter, the temperature of the melt in the center of the runner above the measuring point and the temperature of the melt close to the face of the mold were monitored. The measurement was performed using Magmasoft simulation software. It was discovered that up to a distance of 5mm from the face of the mold, a zone with complete heat transit without its accumulation occurs. Above this limit, the mold begins to accumulate heat, and from distance of 20mm from the face of the mold, the heat gradually passes into the entire mass of the mold without significant temperature fluctuations. The propositions derived from the results of the experiments presented at the end of the article will subsequently be experimentally verified in further research works.
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Authors and Affiliations

J. Majerník
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Podaril
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Majernikova
1

  1. Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Abstract

The paper presents the effect of electron beam alloying on the surface of a copper flat bar (M1Ez4) with titanium powder. Due to the quality of the surface after alloying and the obtained properties, the parameters used were given which met the assumed conditions to the greatest extent. The microstructure and mechanical properties as well as the chemical composition of surface-modified electron-beam copper show improved mechanical properties, i.e. hardness and abrasion resistance. This article uses research techniques using scanning electron microscopy and analysis of chemical composition in micro-areas (EDS). In order to examine the properties of the material after electron beam modification, hardness measurements were performed at low loads (HV0.1), abrasion resistance was tested, and conductivity was also measured. As a result of modifying the chemical and phase composition of M1E copper using an electron beam, the hardness increased by 46%, while the conductivity decreased by 16% due to the formation of intermetallic phases during solidification.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

P.E. Smolarczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Krupiński
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Węglowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Pakieła
1
ORCID: ORCID
P. Śliwiński
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  2. Łukasiewicz Research Network – Upper Silesian Institute of Technology, Bł. Czesława 16-18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

The current trend of continuous improvement of various components constantly pushes the development of new materials forward. The basic goal of research into new and better materials is to improve their properties compared to the original material. One of the essential properties of the newly developed aluminum alloys is their resistance to the formation of tearing. Tears appear during the solidification of the casting and break the integrity due to tension arising while cooling. Several factors influence the susceptibility to tearing, but they can be minimized and reduce the chance of their occurrence. As part of the experiment, the AlSi5Cu2Mg alloy was evaluated in four material variants, without additives (in the reference state), with the addition of transition elements Zr, Ti and their combination Zr + Ti. Susceptibility to the formation of teras was assessed using a qualitative method supplemented by microscopic analysis of the tear profile and determination of the dendritic coherence temperature. The evaluation shows that the addition of Zr increased the susceptibility to tear formation. On the contrary, the addition of Ti had a positive effect and reduced the susceptibility to the formation of tears. The effect of the addition of Zr and Ti in the AlSi5Cu2Mg alloy showed a similar values as without the addition of alloys (reference condition). Microstructural analysis of the tear profile pointed to the negative influence of phases rich in Zr. The subsequent evaluation of the dendritic coherence temperature of individual AlSi5Cu2Mg alloys did not show a correlation with the results of a quantitative evaluation of susceptibility to tears.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Matejka
1
ORCID: ORCID
D. Bolibruchová
1
ORCID: ORCID
E. Kantoríková
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Zilina, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Technological Engineering, Slovak Republic
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Abstract

Predicting the permeability of different regions of foundry cores and molds with complex geometries will help control the regional outgassing, enabling better defect prediction in castings. In this work, foundry cores prepared with different bulk properties were characterized using X-ray microtomography, and the obtained images were analyzed to study all relevant grain and pore parameters, including but not limited to the specific surface area, specific internal volume, and tortuosity. The obtained microstructural parameters were incorporated into prevalent models used to predict the fluid flow through porous media, and their accuracy is compared with respect to experimentally measured permeability. The original Kozeny model was identified as the most suitable model to predict the permeability of sand molds. Although the model predicts permeability well, the input parameters are laborious to measure. Hence, a methodology for replacing the pore diameter and tortuosity with simple process parameters is proposed. This modified version of the original Kozeny model helps predict permeability of foundry molds and cores at different regions resulting in better defect prediction and eventual scrap reduction.
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Authors and Affiliations

D. Sundaram
1
ORCID: ORCID
T. Matsushita
1
ORCID: ORCID
I. Belov
1
A. Diószegi
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. School of Engineering, Jönköping University, Sweden
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Abstract

Microwave Assisted Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (MASHS) was used to prepare open-porous MAX phase preforms in Ti-Al-C and Ti-Si-C systems, which were further used as reinforcements for Al-Si matrix composite materials. The pretreatment of substrates was investigated to obtain open-porous cellular structures. Squeeze casting infiltration was chosen to be implemented as a method of composites manufacturing. Process parameters were adjusted in order to avoid oxidation during infiltration and to ensure the proper filling. Obtained materials were reproducible, well saturated and dense, without significant residual porosity or undesired interactions between the constituents. Based on this and the previous work of the authors, the reinforcement effect was characterized and compared for both systems. For the Al-Si+Ti-Al-C composite, an approx. 4-fold increase in hardness and instrumental Young's modulus was observed in relation to the matrix material. Compared to the matrix, Al-Si+Ti-Si-C composite improved more than 5-fold in hardness and almost 6-fold in Young's modulus. Wear resistance (established for different loads: 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 MPa) for Al-Si+Ti-Al-C was two times higher than for the sole matrix, while for Al-Si+Ti-Si-C the improvement was up to 32%. Both composite materials exhibited approximately two times lower thermal expansion coefficients than the matrix, resulting in enhanced dimensional stability.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Dmitruk
1
ORCID: ORCID
K. Naplocha
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Żak
2
A. Strojny-Nędza
3

  1. Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Lightweight Elements Engineering, Foundry and Automation, Poland
  2. Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Materials, Poland
  3. Łukasiewicz Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Poland
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine how the change of glass laminate fibres to flax fibres will affect the stability of thin-walled angle columns. Numerical analyses were conducted by the finite element method. Short L-shaped columns with different configurations of reinforcing fibres and geometric parameters were tested. The axially compressed structures were simply supported on both ends. The lowest two bifurcation loads and their corresponding eigenmodes were determined. Several configurations of unidirectional fibre arrangement were tested. Moreover, the influence of a flange width change by ±100% and a column length change by ±33% on the bifurcation load of the compressed structure was determined. It was found that glass laminate could be successfully replaced with a bio-laminate with flax fibres. Similar results were obtained for both materials. For the same configuration of fibre arrangement, the flax laminate showed a lower sensitivity to the change in flange width than the glass material. However, the flax laminate column showed a greater sensitivity to changes in length than the glass laminate one. In a follow-up study, selected configurations will be tested experimentally.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Gawryluk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

Water resources are the main component of natural systems affected by climate change in the Middle East. Due to a lack of water, steam power plants that use wet cooling towers have inevitably reduced their output power. This article investigates the replacement of wet cooling towers in Isfahan Thermal Power Plant (ITPP) with Heller natural dry draft cooling towers. The thermodynamic cycle of ITPP is simulated and the effect of condenser temperature on efficiency and output power of ITPP is evaluated. For various reasons, the possibility of installing the Heller tower without increasing in condenser temperature and without changing the existing components of the power plant was rejected. The results show an increase in the condenser temperature by removing the last row blades of the low-pressure turbine. However, by replacing the cooling tower without removing the blades of the last row of the turbine, the output power and efficiency of the power plant have decreased about 12.4 MW and 1.68 percent, respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mohamad Hasan Malekmohamadi
1 2
Hossein Ahmadikia
1
ORCID: ORCID
Siavash Golmohamadi
2
Hamed Khodadadi
3

  1. University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
  2. Isfahan Thermal Power Plant, Isfahan, Iran
  3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

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