Abstract
This paper presents a numerical investigation of unsteady, two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection flow and heat transfer over a permeable stretching cylinder embedded in a porous medium. The governing conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy are formulated by incorporating the effects of viscous dissipation, temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, Joule heating, thermal radiation, and a uniform transverse magnetic field (with negligible induced effects). Additionally, slip velocity and variable surface heat flux are also considered to enhance the model’s applicability to engineering systems. Through appropriate similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations are reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are solved using MATLAB’s bvp4c scheme. The influence of key dimensionless parameters on velocity and temperature distributions, skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number is thoroughly examined. Comparative analysis between the stretching cylinder and the flat sheet configurations reveals that the cylinder’s curvature significantly thickens the momentum and thermal boundary layers, while enhancing the surface shear stress and heat transfer rate. These findings offer useful implications for the design of thermal systems involving curved geometries, such as cylindrical heat exchangers and pipes.
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